Spain, The caterpillars of Aaron's skipper (Poanes aaroni) have only been found on this species to date. Spartina ( Sporobolus alterniflorus) has been planted by humans to reclaim estuarine areas for farming, to supply fodder for livestock, and to prevent erosion. -, Lohse M, Drechsel O, Kahlau S, Bock R.. 2013. [13] Taller than either of the parent species, the hybrid provides good shelter to Ridgway's rail, an occasional roadblock to its eradication.[14]. species listed as endangered by the U. S. Department of Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11. Like its relative saltmeadow cordgrass S. patens, it produces flowers and seeds on only one side of the stalk. The grass subtribe Sporobolinae contains six genera: Calamovilfa (5 spp. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). New Zealand North, Sporobolus alterniflorus is well established in San Francisco Bay, and has had the greatest impact of all the cordgrasses in San Francisco Bay. Source - Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's 2007 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. 2020 Jun 12;5(3):2440-2441. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1776173. The effects of urbanization on watershed ecosystems present critical challenges to modern survival. The vascular plants include all seed-bearing plants (the gymnosperms and angiosperms) and the pteridophytes (including the ferns, lycophytes, and horsetails). This site needs JavaScript to work properly. S. alterniflorus is a clump-forming, rhizomatous, deciduous, perennial grass with erect, hollow stems bearing flat, broadly linear, mid- to bright green leaves, often flushed purple at the base, and dense clusters of cream to pale brown flowers from summer into autumn. 2020 Sep 29;5(3):3415-3417. doi: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1781573. National Wetland Plant List (NWPL): Source - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 2020. Industr. Business First Steps, Phone Directory New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Spartina alterniflora Loisel., a halophyte grass model to dissect salt stress tolerance. 21551, OBPF 8600 Rockville Pike (2008). APG IV Classification: Domain: . Mexico Northeast, Werier, David, Kyle Webster, Troy Weldy, Andrew Nelson, Richard Mitchell, and Robert Ingalls. Enter Query Sequence. It demonstrated an ability to outcompete the native S. foliosa, and to potentially eliminate it from San Francisco Bay. Owing to this partnership, lichens can thrive in harsh environments such as mountaintops and polar regions. A similar example in a Common Name search is Virginia snakeroot. 2011 Nov 10;487(2):160-5. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.07.017. 7 1/2 minute topographical maps, or. Privacy Policy Forzza, R.C. France, All roots, stems, and leaves die at the end of the growing season. Sudhir K, Glen S, Koichiro T.. 2016. 2009. Equally likely to occur in wetlands or non-wetlands (estimated probability 34%-66%). The overall A + T content was 55.96%. Vermont Leaf blade width 0.6-2 mm Inflorescence branches the flowers are attached to branches rather than to the main axis of the inflorescence there are no branch points between the base of the inflorescence axis and the flowers, or they are not obvious Spikelet length 2.3-6 mm Glume relative length Usually occurs in wetlands, but occasionally found in non-wetlands. Spartina alterniflora (also named as Sporobolus alterniflorus) grows in coastal salt marshes area, which has important economic value in coastal natural wetlands. A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: an update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications. S. alterniflorus is native to the Atlantic coast of the Americas from Newfoundland, Canada, south to northern Argentina, where it forms a dominant part of brackish coastal saltmarshes. Perennial wildflowers re-grow each season from overwinter root material. estuarine grasses native to the Bronx River, NY face stresses associated with low dissolved oxygen and urbanization, differentially impacted populations of estuarine grasses exhibit inverse global DNA methylation profiles in response to acute heat stress, DNA methylation may represent a mechanism by which plants transiently respond to environmental stressors, and this may represent a form of rapid adaptive evolution, stress priming by transgenerational epigenetic modification may enhance fitness in grasses native to the heavily impacted Bronx River estuary. Gene. Spartina alterniflora; chloroplast genome; phylogenetic analysis. Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Each protected plant so picked, plucked, severed, removed, damaged or carried away shall constitute a separate violation." endemic to Australia). The generally weak stems exist at about 0.5 inches in diameter. It grows out into the water at the seaward edge of a salt marsh, and accumulates sediment and enables other habitat-engineering species, such as mussels, to settle. Sporobolus virginicus is a cosmopolitan grass, and an important component of lower and upper midlittoral zones in gaps of the mangrove canopy or midtidal flats (Santos, 1989). Accessibility It has rhizoidal roots, which, when broken off, can result in vegetative asexual growth. Lippson, AJ & RL Lippson. the coast since the 1960s (An et al. It also shares dominance over the coasts of Louisiana and Texas with the locally abundant Spartina spartinae, in sites inundated only periodically, where it forms an . The invasion has spread to over 34,000 hectares in ten provinces and Hong Kong. Florae Indicae Enumeratio: Monocotyledonae: 1-435. Delaware Topics See this image and copyright information in PMC, The complete chloroplast genome sequence of, Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, Dvorkin M, Kulikov AS, Lesin VM, Nikolenko SI, Pham S, Prjibelski AD, et al. Proper vouchers display all the necessary attributes for complete identification of the plant, and are to be accompanied by accurate locality, habitat, collection time, and collector data. Nuevo Catlogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. 2021 The Author(s). 19(5):455477. Before North Carolina, Sporobolus alterniflorus. So, within the past few years, the new names for Spartina plants have slowly begun to take hold. ex Bigelow) Fernald . Sporobolus alterniflorus (smooth cordgrass) GenBank assembly GCA_008808055.3 Nucleotide BLAST. did, making the results found by Peterson et al. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0, Digital Image Board of Trustees, RBG Kew http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Vascular Plants 2023. Mississippi, A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. The native range of this species is E. Canada to E. Mexico, Lesser Antilles to Argentina. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Spartina alterniflora was closely related to Sporobolus maritimus. P.M.Peterson & Saarela, Taxon 63: 1236 (2014) Synonyms [ edit] Basionym var. Bot. FOIA Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador https://www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist/. & Huber, O. government site. & Naczi, R.F.C. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo. Spartina alterniflora (also named as Sporobolus alterniflorus) grows in coastal salt marshes area, which has important economic value in coastal natural wetlands. A voucher may be a record of a plant's occurrence in a particular area, or a specific example of a plant used in a scientific investigation. [6], https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&oldid=71870181. Venezuela, The phylogenomic analysis revealed that Sporobolus alterniflorus have a closest phylogenetic relationship with Sorghum bicolor. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant [2018YFD0901103]; Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China under Grant [2020Q02]; and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong under Grant [ZR2019BD023]. Plant species designated as FAC or Upland by DEP, but commonly seen in the transition zone in limited numbers. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted -. Salt and brackish marshes. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county. Qin B, Liu Y, Huang Z, Liu J, Chen Q, Jia G, Xie J. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. Mol Biol Evol. Adaptive Species. At its peak of infestation in 2003, it covered approximately 3,000 solid hectares (more than 8,500 acres), spread across an area of 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres). (2013). FacebookTwitterInstagramYouTubeRSS Feed, Written on: December 5th, 2019 in Outreach. Elected Officials (2021). The hybrids produce enormous amounts of pollen, which swamp the stigmas of the native S. foliosa flowers to produce even larger numbers of hybrid offspring, leaving the affected native Sporobolus species little chance to produce unhybridized offspring. Obligate Wetland Plants - almost always occur in wetlands. The flowers are a yellowish-green, turning brown by the winter. Locations Directory Great Britain, P.M. Peterson & Saarela; mitochondrial genome; phylogenetic analysis. listed as threatened by the U. S. Department of the Interior, as enumerated in the Code of Federal Regulations 50 CFR 17.11. 2012. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. The .gov means its official. The roots are an important food resource for snow geese. The association between the different organisms in a lichen is so close that lichens are routinely referred to as a single organism, and scientists classify lichens using the name of the fungal component. Bull. Cambridge University Press. (1979) (20166686579).jpg 3,024 2,133; 1.08 MB Chthamalus fragilis on a leaf of Spartina alterniflora. Sporobolus alterniflorus can become an invasive plant, either by itself or by hybridizing with native species and interfering with the propagation of the pure native strain. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD0900705]; and Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China [2020Q02]; and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong [ZR2019BD023]; and Natural Science Foundation of China [32000074]. Fundacin Instituto Botnico de Venezuela. It can grow in low marsh (frequently inundated by the tide) as well as high marsh (less frequently inundated), but it is usually restricted to low marsh because it is outcompeted by salt meadow cordgrass in the high marsh. Ecological Engineering. Smooth cordgrass is a robust, rapidly spreading plant, tolerant to fluctuating water depths and salinity. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. 2: 1-238. government site. Divergent epigenetic profiles from two differentially impacted wild populations of estuarine cordgrass (, Lisman Laboratories for Molecular Ecology, Riverdale Country School, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, Divergent epigenetic profiles from two differentially impacted wild populations of estuarine cordgrass (Sporobolus alterniflorus). The positive and negative effects of exotic Spartina alterniflora in China. var. MeSH Flora of North America North of Mexico 25: 1-781. S. alterniflorus grows in tallest forms at the outermost edge of a given marsh, displaying shorter morphologies up onto the landward side of the Sporobolus belt. Any of various plants that have the vascular tissues xylem and phloem. Wu, Z. Accessibility Any correct part of a taxon name can be entered and a choice of the correct one made from the small list of resulting matches. Facultative Upland. P.M.Peterson & Saarela First published in Taxon 63: 1236 (2014) This species is accepted The native range of this species is E. Canada to E. Mexico, Lesser Antilles to Argentina. National Library of Medicine Intro paragraph to be provided by New York. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). 33(7):18701874. Sporobolus alterniflorus Smooth cordgrass ( Sporobolus alterniflorus) is a species of monocot in the family Poaceae (grass family). New Brunswick, ANY - WAP critieria is not taken into consideration, No - Show results without WAP designations, Any - Persisting critieria is not taken into consideration, Yes - Show results with a Persisting value of, No - Show results without Persisting value of. January: Just for fun, lets start with snow and ice on the stalks, February: Old stalks breaking off to create detritus, March: Lots of brown, with a little green at the base, April: More green taking the place of brown stalks, May: Whoa! This means that saltmeadow cordgrass, one of our beautiful high marsh plants and previously known as Spartina patens, is now called Sporobolus pumilus. These species may become ranked as Category I, but have not yet demonstrated disruption of natural Florida communities. These grasses provide rich habitat for crustaceans, mollusks, and birds, and serve as a major source of organic nutrients for the entire estuary. The site is secure. Public Meetings glabra (Muhl. View a List of All Ecological Communities, For more information, contact: David Werier or Kyle Webster, 2023 New York Flora Association|Data last modified:6/20/2023, A member of the University of South Florida family of PlantAtlas.org sites. Voting & Elections Transparency The roots are an important food resource for snow geese. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county. & al. Taiwan, Flora of China 22: 1-733. Usually occurs in non-wetlands (estimated probability 67%-99%), but occasionally found in wetlands (estimated probability 1%-33%). S. alterniflorus is native to the Atlantic coast of the Americas from Newfoundland, Canada, south to northern Argentina, where it forms a dominant part of brackish coastal saltmarshes. Much to our surprise, Spartina alterniflora was recently renamed as Sporobolus alterniflorus. 47(4):441457. ", Noxious Weed IVM Guide- Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina), Invasive Plant Council Spartina alterniflora, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sporobolus_alterniflorus&oldid=1160270352, This page was last edited on 15 June 2023, at 12:15. Surveys by air, land, and sea are conducted in infested and threatened areas near San Francisco to determine the spread of Sporobolus species. General: Smooth cordgrass is an herbaceous, native, warm season grass that forms dense vegetative colonies along shorelines and intertidal flats in coastal wetlands. In July, Sporobolus heterolepis sends up numerous stalks with delicate, open panicles shooting up over the clump. A dwarf form grows in high salt marshes while a taller form grows in low salt marshes and more brackish marshes. Taxonomy - Sporobolus alterniflorus (species) Download View proteins Mnemonic name 9POAL Taxon ID 29706 Scientific name Sporobolus alterniflorus Parent dropseed Children [Spartina] alterniflora var. Specimens from two differentially impacted populations across an urban to suburban geographical transect formed the basis of this study. Journal of Sytematics and Evolution. An official website of the United States government. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour. Botanical Sciences 93: 829-843. Pl. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Tax Center It is sometimes utilized as a thatch on roofs. It can grow on a wider range of sediments than other species of the genus Sporobolus, and can survive inundation in salt water for longer periods of time. Scientific name Sporobolus alterniflorus Genus Sporobolus Family Poaceae Order Poales How to care for Smooth Cordgrass Water Light Nutrients Jump to summary Water How often to water your Smooth Cordgrass 0.8 cups every 9 days Smooth Cordgrass needs 0.8 cups of water every 9 days when it doesn't get direct sunlight and is potted in a 5.0" pot. It is a perennial or rhizomatous geophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. (2021). These plants live for three or more seasons. 1,000 to fewer than 3,000 individuals, or, restricted to not less than 4 or more than 7 U.S.G.S. ex Elliott) Fernald, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. government site. This is a prairie grass that is native from Quebec to Saskatchewan south to Colorado, Texas and Connecticut. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. The global rank reflects the species worldwide rarity. 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