To overcome this limitation, we assessed studies quality and we performed subgroup analysis according to studies quality and publication type. Rate and predictors of vaccine hesitancy according to a survey over 5000 families from Bologna, Italy. Thirty-nine studies investigated factors that affect parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 (Table 3a,b). The .gov means its official. We found that parents' positive attitudes towards vaccination affect their decision to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. For those planning to travel internationally, proof of vaccination could become a requirement for entry into certain countries. In particular, parents' willingness was higher in studies where data were collected through questionnaires in clinical settings than in studies where data were collected through online surveys. When unsure was a response option for the parents the overall proportion of parents that intend to vaccinate their children was lower (58.3%, 95% CI=52.763.8%, I2=99.45%) than in studies where there was no unsure response option (64.5%, 95% CI=51.676.5%, I2=99.91%). We found 44 studies including 317,055 parents. Neither do at least 23 other states. States clearly have the authority to require that all children receive vaccinations. Vaccine efficacy needed for a COVID-19 Coronavirus vaccine to prevent or stop an epidemic as the sole intervention. I said to the father, "I know you love your baby and are trying to protect her. Also, three studies covered more than two countries. Additionally, we included in our review articles in pre-print services which do not apply peer-review process. Szilagyi P.G., Shah M.D., Delgado J.R., Thomas K., Vizueta N., Cui Y., Vangala S., Shetgiri R., Kapteyn A. Parents intentions and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccination for their children: results from a national survey. 4). If an approved COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, would you plan to have your child receive this vaccine? Gust D.A., Woodruff R., Kennedy A., Brown C., Sheedy K., Hibbs B. Parental perceptions surrounding risks and benefits of immunization. Choi S.-H., Jo Y.H., Jo K.J., Park S.E. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development. Very likely [Y], somewhat likely [U], unlikely [N]. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identified 44 articles (Fig. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. Also, when there was no unsure response option the proportion intending to refuse a COVID-19 vaccine was 17.2%, while when there was an unsure response option the proportion was 12.4%. A p-value<0.1 for the Hedges Q statistic indicates statistically significant heterogeneity, while I2 value higher than 75% indicates high heterogeneity (Higgins, 2003). Voysey M., Clemens S.A.C., Madhi S.A., Weckx L.Y., Folegatti P.M., Aley P.K., Angus B., Baillie V.L., Barnabas S.L., Bhorat Q.E., Bibi S., Briner C., Cicconi P., Collins A.M., Colin-Jones R., Cutland C.L., Darton T.C., Dheda K., Duncan C.J.A.Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Vaccinations serve two purposes. Your vaccination decision affects not only the health of your child, but also your family, your child's friends, their families, and your . A global bibliometric analysis of research productivity on vaccine hesitancy from 1974 to 2019. Parents do not have the right to withhold medical care from their children if there is a substantial threat of serious harm. The pooled proportion of parents that refuse to vaccinate their children was 22.9% (95% CI: 17.329.0%) (Fig. Scherer L.D., Shaffer V.A., Patel N., Zikmund-Fisher B.J. Also, the proportion of parents that refuse to vaccinate their children was lower in studies that were conducted in clinical settings than in studies that were conducted online. Yilmaz M., Sahin M. Parents willingness and attitudes concerning the COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study. Wake A.D. Torun S.D., Torun F., Catak B. Healthcare workers as parents: attitudes toward vaccinating their children against pandemic influenza A/H1N1. Factors in vaccination intention against the pandemic influenza A/H1N1. If a new COVID-19 vaccine became available would you accept the vaccine for your child/children? Meta-regression analysis showed that parents' willingness to vaccinate their children was independent data collection time (coefficient=0.003, 95% CI=0.014 to 0.008, p=0.63) (Supplementary Fig. Study population included parents and guardians of children aged <18years. A robust, transparent, reasonable, and widespread COVID-19 vaccine educational campaign harnessing media, healthcare workers, leaders, and social influencers should be implemented by the public health officials to diminish parents' concerns for COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy (Schaffer DeRoo et al., 2020). sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Since all studies in our review were cross-sectional, we cannot infer causal relationships between parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 and predictors of this attitude. Tanne J.H. Overview of the studies included in systematic review. Willingness to receive future COVID-19 vaccines following the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China. If a vaccine is reported to be effective against COVID-19, would you consider getting it to your children? Social distancing as a health behavior: county-level movement in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with conventional health behaviors. In general, acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination for children is higher among parents from Asia than those from North America and Europe. Scherer A.M., Gedlinske A.M., Parker A.M., Gidengil C.A., Askelson N.M., Petersen C.A., Woodworth K.R., Lindley M.C. Similarly, there was not a relation between intention of parents not to vaccinate their children and month study was conducted (coefficient=0.008, 95% CI=0.007 to 0.022, p=0.32) (Supplementary Fig. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. . Studies published in English in journals with peer review system were eligible to be included. A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed that no single study had a disproportional effect on the overall proportion, which varied between 21.6% (95% CI: 16.227.6%) and 23.9% (95% CI: 18.130.1%) (Supplementary Fig. Zhang K.C., Fang Y., Cao H., Chen H., Hu T., Chen Y.Q., Zhou X., Wang Z. Parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination for children under the age of 18 years: cross-sectional online survey. Williams W.W., Lu P.-J., OHalloran A., Kim D.K., Grohskopf L.A., Pilishvili T., Skoff T.H., Nelson N.P., Harpaz R., Markowitz L.E., Rodriguez-Lainz A., Fiebelkorn A.P. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic seems to increase the polarization of parents' vaccination behaviors since parents who did not vaccinate their children in the past reported becoming even less likely to vaccinate them in the near future (Sokol and Grummon, 2020). Parental refusal of vaccines is a growing a concern for the increased occurrence of vaccine preventable diseases in children. The Kentucky Immunization Branch works to prevent and reduce the risk and incidence of vaccine preventable diseases. When a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 is approved for children, would you want your child to receive the vaccine? Vaccine refusal will be noted in your child's chart. To find out if your immunization records are in the Kentucky Immunization Registry, please complete the KYIR Release of Immunization . Funnel plot for parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19. If there was an effective vaccine against COVID-19, would you have your child vaccinated? Goldman R.D., Yan T.D., Seiler M., Parra Cotanda C., Brown J.C., Klein E.J., Hoeffe J., Gelernter R., Hall J.E., Davis A.L., Griffiths M.A., Mater A., Manzano S., Gualco G., Shimizu N., Hurt T.L., Ahmed S., Hansen M., Sheridan D.Staubli G. Caregiver willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: Cross sectional survey. Covid-19: Cases in children rise sharply in US as doctors call for vaccine approval. A cross-sectional analysis of UK telephone survey data. In particular, the statistical heterogeneity was very high due probably to heterogeneity in study designs and populations. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. . Select 2 if you are a provider requiring assistance with KYIR. Common reasons behind vaccine opposition. Courts regularly require care in cases where there is a threat of death, at least if the need for, and value of, the medical care is clear. Rubin G.J., Potts H.W.W., Michie S. Likely uptake of swine and seasonal flu vaccines among healthcare workers. S4) indicated potential publication bias. Follow recommendations to isolate your child from others, including family members, and especially infants and people with weakened immune systems. I understand that you are afraid of the immunizations. Can the vaccine adverse event reporting system be used to increase vaccine acceptance and trust? The overall proportion of parents that intend to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 was 60.1% (95% CI: 51.768.1%) (Fig. (Wash. D.C.: 2002). For instance, several studies have identified the relationship between individuals' vaccination in the past and uptake of the pandemic H1N1 vaccine (Bish et al., 2011; Rubin et al., 2011; Setbon and Raude, 2010; Torun et al., 2010). Sokol R.L., Grummon A.H. COVID-19 and parent intention to vaccinate their children against influenza. To contact the Kentucky Immunization Registry about replacing a lost COVID-19 vaccination card, call 502-564-0038 or email KYIRHelpdesk@ky.gov. Also, we included quantitative studies that examine factors that affect parents' willingness to vaccinate their children. Humble R.M., Sell H., Dub E., MacDonald N.E., Robinson J., Driedger S.M., Sadarangani M., Meyer S.B., Wilson S., Benzies K.M., Lemaire-Paquette S., MacDonald S.E. Definitely will get a vaccine [Y], probably will get a vaccine [Y], probably will not get a vaccine [N], definitely will not get a vaccine [N]. age of parents and children), we decided to perform subgroup analysis for recruitment method, publication type, response scales, studies quality, and the continent that studies were conducted. Edwards K.M., Hackell J.M., Committee on Infectious Diseases, the Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine Countering Vaccine Hesitancy. BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of 4023 young adolescents (1215 Years) in Qatar. Two independent researchers performed study selection and a third, senior researcher resolved the discrepancies. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a Democratic candidate for the presidency, went on the Jordan B. Peterson podcast on June 5 and told a wild and false story about me from 2005 that I want to tell you about. Response scales and results of parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 in studies included in systematic review. Who We Are. Moreover, we calculated the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the proportions (Barendregt et al., 2013). The main predictors of parents' intention to vaccinate their children were fathers, older age of parents, higher income, higher levels of perceived threat from the COVID-19, and positive attitudes towards vaccination (e.g. To account for this heterogeneity, we applied a random effects model and we performed subgroup and meta-regression analysis. ). Are you willing/intending to give the COVID-19 vaccine to your child (children)? Both Wolfe and Johansson noted that blood tests are available to determine if you have had certain childhood vaccines or are protected through a previous infection. The pooled proportion of parents that intend to vaccinate their children was higher in studies with high quality (62.0%, 95% CI=53.170.4%, I2=99.92%) than in studies with low/moderate quality (50.1%, 95% CI=31.868.3%, I2=99.4%). Xu B., Gao X., Zhang X., Hu Y., Yang H., Zhou Y.-H. The advisory committee on immunization practices and its role in the pandemic vaccine response. Confidence and receptivity for COVID-19 vaccines: a rapid systematic review. All states have mandatory vaccination laws. Recent meta-analyses found that the overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was approximately 73%, while acceptance among the general population is higher than among healthcare workers (Galanis et al., 2021; Luo et al., 2021; Snehota et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021b). Parents likelihood to vaccinate their children and themselves against COVID-19. The vaccine refusal decision is based on love and fear. dos, Secoli S.R., Pschel V.A. Thank your and God blessed your. As global COVID-19 vaccines rollout continue, our review could help policy makers and healthcare workers to understand parental decision around COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, preliminary findings show that a recent mutation of SARS-CoV-2 (omicron variant) is spreading faster than any previous variant and may be more transmissible than other coronavirus variants (Dyer, 2021; Mahase, 2021). The 2020 county vaccination rates for the current year are provided below. Also, real-world data from early studies reveal that COVID-19 vaccination uptake ranges from 28.6% to 98% in the general population (Galanis et al., 2021a). Summ. These findings are confirmed by the literature since parents in the USA are hesitant to vaccinate their children with routine immunizations because of safety, side effects and low effectiveness concerns (Kempe et al., 2020; Nyhan and Reifler, 2015). Wallace B.C., Schmid C.H., Lau J., Trikalinos T.A. government site. A safety officer went on trial for not protecting the children he was hired to keep safe at at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, on a terrible day in 2018. There are a variety of reasons behind vaccine opposition. The anti-vaccination movement is a relatively new one that has taken hold over the past decade. Jeffs E., Lucas N., Walls T. COVID-19: Parent and caregiver concerns about reopening New Zealand schools. The overall proportion of parents that intend to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 was 60.1%, while the proportion of parents that refuse to vaccinate their children was 22.9% and the proportion of unsure parents was 25.8%. Seven studies were conducted in the USA, six studies in China, four studies in Canada, four studies in Israel, four studies in Turkey, four studies in Saudi Arabia, five studies in other European countries (German, Greece, Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom), and one study in India, Korea, New Zealand, Qatar, Zambia, Australia, and Brazil. Are you willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine for your child if approved? For each study, we followed the authors' decision regarding the positive answer, the negative answer and the unsure answer of parents. Santos W.M. Monday - Friday 8 a.m. - 4 p.m. Or is it state-by-state regulation? We excluded protocols, reviews, case reports, opinions articles, commentaries, editorials, and letters to the Editor. This pattern is similar to our finding that COVID-19 vaccine uptake among parents is associated with increased intended uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine among children. Would you have your child vaccinated with a vaccine reported effective against COVID-19 and approved by the authorities? Generally, unless teens are legally emancipated, married or are already parents, they have no recourse when their parents or other legal guardians refuse . Pediatric and parents attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines and intention to vaccinate for children. We searched Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and medrxiv from inception to December 12, 2021. For this question, when authors use multivariable methods to estimate the relation between an independent variable and the outcome the answer is yes, when authors use only univariate methods the answer is no, and when the authors do not investigate the relation between an independent variable and the outcome the answer is not applicable. Parents who object to vaccinations, for either religious or philosophical reasons, have strong lobbies in many states. Firstly, we removed duplicates, and then we screened consecutively titles, abstracts, and full texts. If a COVID-19 vaccine is available, will you vaccinate your child? Get rid of survivin, the thinking goes . Do you intend to vaccinate your child(ren) for COVID-19 once a vaccine is available for children? We applied a random effect model to estimate pooled effects since the heterogeneity between results was very high (Higgins, 2003). Since predictors were measured and/or analyzed differently across studies, we reported the proportion of studies finding positive or negative significant relationships (p-value<0.05) between each predictor and parents' intention to vaccinate their children. Schrading W.A., Trent S.A., Paxton J.H., Rodriguez R.M., Swanson M.B., Mohr N.M., Talan D.A., Project COVERED Emergency Department Network Vaccination rates and acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among U.S. emergency department health care personnel. The AAP recently issued a clinical report that stated it is an "acceptable option for . Perception of parents towards COVID-19 vaccine for children in Saudi population. Identification of the factors that affect parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 will provide opportunities to enhance parents' trust in the COVID-19 vaccines and optimize children's uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine. If a vaccine against COVID-19 becomes available in the next 12months, how likely are you to get it for your child(ren)? Very likely [Y], somewhat likely [Y], somewhat unlikely [N], definitely not [N], If a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is available, I will get my child/children vaccinated, Parents' agreement to obtain a confirmed COVID-19 vaccine booking appointment for their children at the time of study. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for parents' willingness to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19. How might lawmakers across the country address this challenge of parental rights vs. the health concerns and rights of their children? Bell B.P., Romero J.R., Lee G.M. Dror A.A., Eisenbach N., Taiber S., Morozov N.G., Mizrachi M., Zigron A., Srouji S., Sela E. Vaccine hesitancy: the next challenge in the fight against COVID-19. Is there a general federal rule about this? Documenting Parental Refusal to Have Their Children Vaccinated Despite our best efforts to educate parents about the effectiveness of vaccines and the realistic chances of vaccine-associated adverse events, some will decline to have their children vaccinated. Four studies out of 16 found that parents intend to vaccinate older children more often than younger children, but two studies found the opposite and 10 studies found no effect of children's age. If a new coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine became available would you accept the vaccine for your child/children? The tool consists of eight questions regarding inclusion criteria for the sample, study settings, exposure and outcome measurement, identification and elimination of confounders, and statistical analysis. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. The heterogeneity between results was very high (I2=99.83%, p-value for the Hedges Q statistic<0.001). Eugene Volokh | 1.15.2021 8:01 AM So held the Colorado Court of Appeals in In re Marriage of Crouch (opinion by Judge Pawar, joined by Judges J. Jones and Berger): In Colorado, parents can elect. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, (Galanis et al., 2021a; Snehota et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021b). Since parents are key decision-makers for whether their children will receive a COVID-19 vaccine, it is important to measure willingness of parents to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19. This includes parents who have access to vaccines, are well-educated, and have enjoyed the . Carcelen A.C., Prosperi C., Mutembo S., Chongwe G., Mwansa F.D., Ndubani P., Simulundu E., Chilumba I., Musukwa G., Thuma P., Kapungu K., Hamahuwa M., Mutale I., Winter A., Moss W.J., Truelove S.A. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Zambia: a glimpse at the possible challenges ahead for COVID-19 vaccination rollout in sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, children's complete vaccination history (5/8 studies; no association in three studies), history of children's vaccination against influenza (3/4 studies; no association in one study), history of parents' vaccination against influenza (7/7 studies), confidence in vaccines (3/3 studies), confidence in COVID-19 vaccines (5/5 studies), and COVID-19 vaccine uptake/intention among parents (7/8 studies; no association in one study) were associated with increased intended uptake of a COVID-19 vaccine. Thirty-two studies used multivariable analysis eliminating confounders, while seven studies used univariate analysis. Future studies should assess broader and diverse parent populations to fully understand the factors that affect parents' intention to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19. Some people have to forgo different vaccinations due to a high risk of potential allergic . Brandstetter S., Bohmer M., Pawellek M., Seelbach-Gobel B., Melter M., Kabesch M., Apfelbacher C., KUNO-Kids Study Grp Parents intention to get vaccinated and to have their child vaccinated against COVID-19: cross-sectional analyses using data from the KUNO-Kids health study. Received 2021 Sep 3; Revised 2022 Feb 7; Accepted 2022 Feb 12. Due to my religious or conscientiously held belief, I object to receiving the required immunizations . Dub E., Gagnon D., Vivion M. Optimizing communication material to address vaccine hesitancy. Parental hesitancy about routine childhood and influenza vaccinations: a national survey. We found evidence that data collection time affected parents' refusal to vaccinate their children. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. Data collection time among studies ranged from March 2020 to September 2021. I understand the risks associated with refusal of this vaccine. In particular, parents whose children had recently received the influenza vaccination or had a completed vaccination history reported a higher likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination for their children. 1. Understanding parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy does help policy makers to change the stereotypes and establish broad community COVID-19 vaccination. Altulaihi B.A., Alaboodi T., Alharbi K.G., Alajmi M.S., Alkanhal H., Alshehri A. For instance, since the COVID-19 pandemic began, children represent 14.4% of total COVID-19 cases in the USA but for the week ending August 12, 2021, children were 18% of weekly cases (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021). Yes, as soon as it will be possible [Y], yes, but only in a few months (up to a year) [. Setbon M., Raude J. When a parent does not want to vaccinate a child, a pediatrician has few good options. In particular, the proportion of parents that intend to vaccinate their children in studies that were conducted in Asia was 58.5% (95% CI=51.065.9%, I2=99.52%), in North America was 56.5% (95% CI=48.264.6%, I2=98.97), and in Europe was 47.9% (95% CI=39.056.9%, I2=98.84%). We aimed to estimate parents' willingness and refusal to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19, and to investigate the predictors for their decision. We divided the positive answers of parents by the total number of parents to calculate the proportion of parents that agreed to vaccinate their children. Wrapping Up the Conversation Doctors, nurses, physician assistants, and office staff all play a key role in establishing and maintaining a practice-wide commitment to communicating effectively about vaccines and maintaining high vaccination rates. Purposes and should be left unchanged bnt162b2 COVID-19 vaccine for your child/children more than two.. To vaccinate a child, a pediatrician has few good options that examine that... Uptake of swine and seasonal flu vaccines among healthcare workers as parents: attitudes toward vaccinating children! Inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included quantitative studies that examine factors that parents... Vaccines, are what if i refuse to vaccinate my child, and then we screened consecutively titles, abstracts, then! 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