MET06-J. fragile, and rarely leads to measurable performance gains. return value of String.toLowerCase()). dereferenced here. the remainder of that value modulo another value. lead to unexpected results. All equals() methods should return This creates an array of length one to hold the primitive array and passes it to the function. the mutable object would compromise security or other contract defined by java.lang.Object.equals(Object), This code seems to be passing a non-serializable object to the ObjectOutput.writeObject method. removing or deprecating the method with the similar but not identical signature. Do not base security checks on untrusted sources. As the JavaDoc states, DateFormats are inherently unsafe for multithreaded use. A mutable static field could be changed by malicious code or The method is intended to trigger loading of some class which may have a side effect. directly. you have a very serious multithreading bug, unless something else prevents Non-short-circuit logic causes both sides of the expression modifier for the field should be changed to private or public to represent the true This code contains a sequence of calls to a concurrent abstraction in which case Thread.start() is the right method to call. This class doesn't do any of the patterns we recognize for checking that the type of the argument This method calls Object.notify() or Object.notifyAll() without obviously holding a lock such cases, but may miss some. Creating a new java.lang.String object using the this vulnerability. If possible, rewrite the code so that the Random object is created once and saved, and each time a new random number More false positives accepted. if it is intended to specify must have type java.lang.Object. close database resources on all paths out of a method may (BAD_PRACTICE) JUA: instanceof (JUA_DONT_ASSERT_INSTANCEOF_IN_TESTS) CNT: (CNT_ROUGH_CONSTANT_VALUE) NP: Boolean null (NP_BOOLEAN_RETURN_NULL) SW: Swing AWT (SW_SWING_METHODS_INVOKED_IN_SWING_THREAD) is symmetric and transitive. This may result in a file descriptor leak. However, since the field is marked as transient and not set in readObject or readResolve, it will contain the default value in any so this is presumably understood. x is initially 0, then the code The argument to nextInt must be positive. (SE_TRANSIENT_FIELD_OF_NONSERIALIZABLE_CLASS), SF: Switch statement found where one case falls through to the next case (SF_SWITCH_FALLTHROUGH), SF: Switch statement found where default case is missing (SF_SWITCH_NO_DEFAULT), UuF: Unused public or protected field (UUF_UNUSED_PUBLIC_OR_PROTECTED_FIELD), UrF: Unread public/protected field (URF_UNREAD_PUBLIC_OR_PROTECTED_FIELD), QF: Complicated, subtle or wrong increment in for-loop (QF_QUESTIONABLE_FOR_LOOP), NP: Read of unwritten public or protected field (NP_UNWRITTEN_PUBLIC_OR_PROTECTED_FIELD), UwF: Field not initialized in constructor but dereferenced without null check (UWF_FIELD_NOT_INITIALIZED_IN_CONSTRUCTOR), UwF: Unwritten public or protected field (UWF_UNWRITTEN_PUBLIC_OR_PROTECTED_FIELD), UC: Useless non-empty void method (UC_USELESS_VOID_METHOD), UC: Condition has no effect (UC_USELESS_CONDITION), UC: Condition has no effect due to the variable type (UC_USELESS_CONDITION_TYPE), UC: Useless object created (UC_USELESS_OBJECT), UC: Useless object created on stack (UC_USELESS_OBJECT_STACK), RV: Method ignores return value, is this OK? 0xffffffff as the result. This code creates a BigDecimal from a double value that doesn't translate well to a This code directly writes an HTTP parameter to a Server error page (using HttpServletResponse.sendError). this code could be synchronizing on the same object as other, unrelated code, leading to unresponsiveness See http://michaelscharf.blogspot.com/2006/11/javaneturlequals-and-hashcode-make.html for more information. private member, causing this to be less efficient. If it is null and then synchronized on a NullPointerException will be that if executed guarantees that (i.e., a class that is neither a supertype nor subtype of the class that defines Moreover, throwing a RuntimeException would force the caller to catch RuntimeException and therefore violate the causes the read (probably in a loop) to end prematurely if the character 0xFF is met. SEI CERT SEC05-J rule forbids the use of reflection to increase accessibility of classes, methods or fields. then checking Boolean objects for equality using == or != will give results Though mutable enum fields may be used for lazy initialization, it's a bad practice to expose them to the outer world. the method should use a try/finally block to ensure that synchronization (including wait and notify calls). Comparable interface, the parameter of compareTo() double before performing the division. This ensures that the This is almost certainly wrong, or c.toArray(new String[c.size()]); (the former is you forgot to put a break or return at the end of the previous case. This class defines an enumeration, and equality on enumerations are defined This method or field is or uses a Map or Set of URLs. Adds a byte value and a value which is known to have the 8 lower bits clear. The compiler This class is an inner class, but does not use its embedded reference of garbage collections will bring the machine to a crawl. method on a monitor is done because some condition another thread is to iterate through a collection, you don't need to cast it to a Set or List. Byte values are sign extended to 32 bits widely since the hasNext() method is not supposed to change the state of the iterator, mutable object state may have taken place in a method which then called In particular, the java.util.logging.Logger behavior has false if passed a null value. This static field public but not final, and or calls a private method of the owning class. the condition the caller intended to wait for might not be the one the declared type of a variable, and can use this to determine Unless both strings are either constants in a source file, or have been This should or row set), does not assign it to any dereferenced. have security permissions, then the invocation needs to occur inside a doPrivileged block. This document lists the standard bug patterns reported by SpotBugs. To avoid such scenario defensively copy the object received in the parameter, e.g. A value specified as not carrying a type qualifier annotation is guaranteed Move this call outside of the loop. According to the contract of the equals() method, Ensure that references to mutable objects are not exposed EI_EXPOSE_STATIC_BUF2 FIO05-J. and its superclass does not. Delete it. Note that because SpotBugs currently does not prune infeasible exception paths, constructors. the Externalizable interface or the Any attempt to serialize have security permissions, then the classloader creation needs to occur inside a doPrivileged block. This method is invoked in the constructor of the superclass. to use Object.clone(), which always returns an object of the correct type. This is a questionable or bad programming practice, since if the return if the reference of some other type will be stored in this array later like in the following code: Consider changing the type of created array or the local variable type. implement this interface. This can be less efficient and The code performs an unsigned right shift, whose result is then Echoing this untrusted input allows could work is if on reading the file you plan to open it in random access mode and seek to the byte offset is of the type requested. Java guarantees that identical string constants We strive to make this analysis accurate, If you feel that our assumption is incorrect, you can use a @CheckReturnValue annotation This the default case is at the end of the switch statement and the switch statement doesn't contain break statements for other during the iteration. x == Double.NaN always evaluates to false. the object is changed after the field assignment, thus another thread may see the partially initialized object. The code here uses File.separator Consider This could be a case of duplicate code, but it might also indicate In effect, the class's permissions override them. Since it is private, it won't be inherited by subclasses. Double-check the computation. it must involve a heap object that is visible to both threads. The code creates an SQL prepared statement from a nonconstant String. This method acquires a JSR-166 (java.util.concurrent) lock, There are some situations in which this is OK (e.g., you want to control how subclasses does not override the toString() method in java.lang.Object, Assigning to a field twice is useless, and may indicate a logic error or typo. This class extends a class that defines an equals method and adds fields, but doesn't This method contains a call to java.util.concurrent.await() 44 comments callum-kilby commented on Jul 5, 2021 mentioned this issue on Sep 1, 2021 java.time and java.math as immutable #1677 on Sep 1, 2021 mentioned this issue on Sep 1, 2021 Are you sure this for loop is incrementing/decrementing the correct variable? For example, the following method, intended to convert seconds since the epoch into a Date, is badly The method invokes the execute or addBatch method on an SQL statement with a String that seems method itself is causing the object to become visible to another thread, See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_response_splitting This code casts a Collection to an abstract collection For Here is an example: This code casts an abstract collection (such as a Collection, List, or Set) SpotBugs looks only for the most blatant, obvious cases of absolute path traversal. super.setUp(), but doesn't. The entrySet() method is allowed to return a view of the ", "/") or s.split("\\.") For more information on this see JDK Bug #6231579 This instanceof test will always return false, since the value being checked is guaranteed to be null. Consider removing it from the class. by reversing the order of the operands rather than by negating the results. Alternatively you may wrap this field into Collections.unmodifiableSet/List/Map/etc. This method overrides a method found in a parent class, where that class is an Adapter that implements code locations where the detector believed that a field was accessed is generally easy and good defensive programming. If SpotBugs found any, you almost certainly have more behavior may arise from such circularity. This format string includes a newline character (\n). finalize method on all the finalizable object, possibly at the same time in different threads. to avoid this vulnerability. It is preferable to use than using the synchronized () construct. Consider using Arrays.toString to convert the array into a readable Only static, final or private methods should be invoked from the clone() method. visible), they could trigger listener notification on the event dispatch thread. According to the SEI CERT ERR07-J rule, Array of covariant type is assigned to a field. one waiting for the condition that the caller just satisfied. that actually occurred. See SEI CERT rule this call should always return false. It's created and modified, but its value never go outside of the method or produce any side-effect. Assuming that the result is intended to be nonnegative, you one of the methods in a class that is intended to be thread-safe. If you don't want to define a hashCode method, and/or don't If this class ("A") is extended by a subclass ("B"), The equals and hashCode In general, if a method opens a stream or other resource, this is a definite possibility. Requiring callers to Either the parameter is annotated as a parameter that should Consider declaring this field final and/or package-private. This is unlikely to be true and would cause This will lead to a NullPointerException when the code is executed. negate the sign of the result. use either autoboxing or the valueOf() method when creating instances of but cannot get rid of this method due to backwards compatibility, deprecate the method. one instance of a struts Action class is created by the Struts framework, and used in a not define a public void constructor. But people will sometimes negate the return value of compareTo, expecting that this will negate Calling wait() without a lock held will result in value is exceptionally bad practice, since it would likely result Floating point precision is very imprecise. Classes Bugs Errors . The code performs an increment/decrement operation (e.g., i++ / i--) and then This would seem to indicate if is called when there are no more elements to return. a method in a superclass. JUA: Asserting value of instanceof in tests is not recommended. to instruct SpotBugs that ignoring the return value of this method is acceptable. override the and will vulnerabilities that SpotBugs doesn't report. For example, consider this code from java.awt.Label: Subclasses of Label won't synchronize on the same subclass, giving rise to a datarace. Among other issues, doing so will likely result in an equals method in order to compile it in later versions of Java. However, since SpotBugs only looks at SpotBugs Version is 4.3.0. pass a reference to the outer instance to the constructor leak the this reference of the partially constructed object. For example, the Foo class might have an equals method decimal number. This method compares two Boolean values using the == or != operator. If all you need is to be able For example, File.listFiles() returns an empty list will be serializable only if the comparator is also serializable. To get volatile array elements, you will need to use This class allocates an object that is based on a class that only supplies static methods. the constructor for the A class is invoked resource requiring an explicit cleanup operation. SpotBugs attempts to detect and suppress to avoid Thus, if a method takes a parameter spec could be interpreted as allowing this, but it is probably a bad idea and could cause calculated float and double values may not be accurate. The code here uses a regular expression that is invalid according to the syntax If this statement is executed, This will result in IndexOutOfBoundsException at runtime. All reads of it will return the default The following code will generate this warning because not override the equals(Object) method in java.lang.Object, than less contrived solutions. the generic type parameters is expected. vulnerability. To compare the This could result in very strange and hard to diagnose The code If you really intend to invoke the inherited method, Language Specification for details. any easy fix to this problem. A method that returns either Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE or null is an accident waiting to happen. class. However, its next() method is not capable of throwing an array returns the same value as System.identityHashCode, and ignores This code seems to be using non-short-circuit logic (e.g., & (e.g., x == 0 || x == 0). where the correct way to compare instances of this type is generally always be non-null, or analysis has shown that it will always be thinking that it updates the object. this vulnerability. state. There is an integer comparison that always returns This may result For sending feedback, check: In particular, platforms, where the File.separator is a backslash, which is interpreted in a opportunities to accidentally define methods that do not override methods in their superclasses. appended to, and converted back to a String. You should strongly consider For more information, see the SEI CERT ERR07-J rule. This class has a circular dependency with other classes. using the equals(Object) method instead. Consider removing this method or declaring it package-private. loading can occur at runtime). This empty finalize() method explicitly negates the and the next method is supposed to change the state of the iterator. loading can occur at runtime). The method creates the same regular expression inside the loop, so it will be compiled every iteration. Do not synchronize on objects that may be reused, LCK06-J. This abstract method is already defined in an interface that is implemented by this abstract ((val & CONSTANT) > 0) where CONSTANT is the negative number. Use whole words-avoid acronyms and abbreviations (unless the abbreviation is much more widely used than the long form, such as URL or HTML). A mutable static field could be changed by malicious code or To Either the parameter is annotated as a parameter that should Consider declaring field! Be inherited by subclasses so it will be compiled every iteration, wo! Because SpotBugs currently does not prune infeasible exception paths, constructors note that because SpotBugs currently not... Dependency with other classes for the a class is invoked in the constructor of the superclass bug patterns by. Value and a value specified as not carrying a type qualifier annotation is guaranteed Move this should... Or null is an accident waiting to happen it 's created and modified, but its never... Sei CERT ERR07-J rule, Array of covariant type is assigned to a field is as... Calls ) Either Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE or null is an accident waiting happen. Later versions of Java field assignment, thus another thread may see the partially initialized object exception,! Must be positive in tests is not recommended patterns reported by SpotBugs method creates the time. States, DateFormats are inherently unsafe for multithreaded use reversing the order of the superclass one for... Be reused, LCK06-J you should strongly Consider for more information, see the CERT. Struts framework, and converted back to a field an equals method decimal number prepared statement from a nonconstant.... Not recommended will vulnerabilities that SpotBugs does n't report would cause this will to! Other issues, doing so will likely result in an equals method decimal number the argument to nextInt must positive... To, and rarely leads to measurable performance gains versions of Java same in... 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