"[2] The report also concluded that the monuments were constructed and are regularly maintained in promotion of the Lost Cause, white supremacist mythology, and over the many decades of their establishment, African American leaders regularly protested these memorials and what they represented. [48][49], Support for removal increased during the George Floyd protests, with 52% in favor of removal, and 44% opposed.[50][51]. ", "Austin outlines Confederate streets slated for renaming", "A brief history on controversial mascots at Texas high schools", "One local high school drops 'Dixie,' while another keeps it", "Guide to Confederate Monuments in Austin", "School Profile About Us Ross Elementary", "Hays HS looks at whether 'Rebels' mascot needs changing", "Texas High School Defends Rebels Confederate Flag", "Midland Lee alum no longer proud of school's rebel mascot", "Texas high school defends Confederate mascot as coach gets slap for racial remarks", "NEISD board votes to drop name of Lee High School", "Lee High School to keep school colors, mascot", "To Be Black at Robert E. Lee High School", "Civil War Lessons Often Depend on Where the Classroom Is", "In the former capital of the Confederacy, the debate over statues is personal and painful", "Seattle's own monument to the Confederacy was erected on Capitol Hill in 1926 and it's still there", "Campaign to take down Seattle's confederate memorial gets a billboard", "Huge Confederate monument toppled at Seattle's Lake View Cemetery", "Thomas J. Confederate Soldiers Monument, dedicated in 1929. After Battle of Elizabethtown, Dec. 27, John Hunt Morgan's men moved along tracks, destroying everything on way to trestle works at Muldraugh's Hill." Rested troops few hours and proceeded to Brandenburg. They Died for a Dream of Seizing the Denver Mint's Gold", "New York pols push to remove Confederate street names in Brooklyn (updated)", "Here are the Confederate memorials that will be removed after Charlottesville", "[Essay] | Monumental Error, by J. C. Hallman", "J Marion Sims: controversial statue taken down but debate still rages", "Woodlawn National Cemetery, Elmira, New York", "Fort Hamilton avenue named for Confederate General Robert E. Lee renamed for Black Vietnam War hero John Warren", "John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trail in Ohio Historical Markers", "Ohio's new John Hunt Morgan Heritage Trail follows Confederate army's push across a panicked state (video)", "A confederate statue was knocked down at Camp Chase Cemetery in west Columbus. [76] Trump threatened to veto the 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) if provisions that allow Confederate-named bases to be renamed were not removed. Artist/Maker: Calhoun, William Henry", "Vanderbilt Collection Peabody Campus Wyatt Center: Edmund Kirby Smith", "Vanderbilt Collection Kirkland Hall: Anna Virginia Russell (Mrs. "But their fame on brightest pages penned by poets and by pages Shall go sounding down the ages", West side: "Nor shall your glory be fought while fame her record keeps or honor points the hollowed spot where valor proudly sleeps" "Tell it as you may It never can be told Sing it as you Will It never can be sung The Story of the Glory of the men who wore the gray". [1] In 2015 the Pentagon declared it would not be renaming these facilities,[74] and declined to make further comment in 2017. He determined four main locations for monuments; battlefields, cemeteries, county courthouse grounds, and state capitol grounds. The memorial and the cemetery are along the Florida Civil War Heritage Trail. The column is mounted on a two-tier base of smooth granite resting on a brick platform. Third was the romanticizing of the Lost Cause, and the fourth was to unify the white population in a common heritage against the interests of African-American Southerners. (See above)[87], As of 24June2020[update], there are at least 63 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Florida. Cole 1846 1926", "The Legacy of Slavery at Vanderbilt: Our Forgotten Past", "Beyond Yale: These other university buildings have ties to slavery and white supremacy", "The Hidden Confederate History of the Texas Capitol: An Unofficial Guide", "Deadly rally accelerates removal of Confederate statues, including S.A.'s memorial", "A Guide to Confederate Monuments in Austin", "State Rep. Eric Johnson Wants to Spur a Discussion of Confederate Symbols by Removing Capitol Plaque", "No commotion as county passes Confederate History Month measure", "Texas Confederate Statues and Monuments", "Confederate Soldier Monuments on Texas Courthouse Squares", "Lawrence Sullivan Ross Historical Marker", "Little discussion over Bastrop County Confederate monument", "Details Home Town of Texas Confederate Major Joseph D. Sayers Atlas Number 5021012388 Texas Historical Commission", "Matagorda County Courthouse: Civil War Veterans Monument", "Details for Brazos County Confederate Commissioners Court", "Confederate Veterans Memorial, Comanche County Courthouse", "Confederate Memorial, Navarro County Courthouse Square", "Confederate Soldier Memorial on the Courthouse Square, Clarksville, Texas, Red River County", "Confederate Soldiers' Monument The Portal to Texas History", "Denton County to keep Confederate monument", "Judge does not expect Confederate Monument context to be added until 2019", "Removal of Denton County's Confederate statue a priority for national group", "Confederate soldier statue removed from Denton County Courthouse-on-the-Square", "Confederate Soldiers Memorial, Tarrant County, Fort Worth, TX", "Marion County Courthouse, Jefferson Texas", "Confederate Soldier Monument, Caldwell County Courthouse Square", "Confederate Monument Stays At The Lamar County Courthouse", "Resident wants Grayson County courthouse confederate statue removed", "County Named for Texas Confederate William R. Scurry 18211864", "Not an issue or 'terrifying'? Defeated a USA force at Lebanon, July 5. "[18] Katrina Dunn Johnson, Curator of the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room and Military Museum, states that "thousands of families throughout the country were unable to reclaim their soldier's remains--many never learned their loved ones' exact fate on the battlefield or within the prison camps. The road was later renamed to Washington Road in 2022, shortly after the renaming of General Lee Avenue. They are, however, the most popular among the courthouse monuments. The avenue was renamed to John Warren Avenue in 2022, to honor a 22-year-old lieutenant in the Army who was killed in the Vietnam War in January 1969. [87], As of 20August2020[update], only two Confederate related plaques on public property remain in Phoenix and Sierra Vista, Arizona. Another ten monuments were documented in 1866, and 11 more in 1867 by the time the first post-war Confederate monuments were erected in Romney, Hampshire County, West Virginia and Chester, Chester County, South Carolina in 1867. Confederate Soldier Statue at Bryan County Courthouse, erected in 1917 by UDC. [13] Another historian, Karen L. Cox, from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, has written that the monuments are "a legacy of the brutally racist Jim Crow era", and that "the whole point of Confederate monuments is to celebrate white supremacy". Numerous private memorials have also been erected. ", "Whose Heritage? Marker #712, "March 30, 1863, USA force of 1,250 under. Its sculpture was designed by Pompeo Coppini, and its base was designed by Frank Teich. He said he has done so in previous years. [32], In addition to monuments to the Union and Confederate honorees, the Monument Movement saw the placement of Revolutionary War Monuments for the 100th of the American Revolution from 1876 to 1883. Marker #1413, "Morgan-on to Ohio. Many Confederate monuments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, either separately or as contributing objects within listings of courthouses or historic districts. [41][42][43][44][45], A 2017 Reuters poll found that 54% of adults stated that the monuments should remain in all public spaces, and 27% said they should be removed, while 19% said they were unsure. The dates listed below reflect when each statue was given to the collection:[55][56]. Monuments and memorials are listed below alphabetically by state, and by city within each state. "[23][24], In the late nineteenth century, technological innovations in the granite and bronze industries helped reduce costs and made monuments more affordable for small towns. On top of this, exquisitely carved in Italian marble, is the statue of a private Confederate soldier, with his accouterments, standing "at rest". "The intent of this memorial is to bring folks together and reconcile their differences," As Confederate Monuments Come Down Across U.S., Wichita Memorial Comes Into Question. The base of the sculpture contains inscriptions on all four sides as well as an inscription of two crossed flags below the letters C.S.A. [2][6] Henry Watterson gave a speech that celebrated Tennessee for having the courage to leave the Union and stated "Greece had its Marathon; let Shiloh, Murfreesboro and Chichamauga tell the story of Tennessee." by Joseph Gutmann and Stanley F. Chyet, Wayne State University, Detroit, 1975 p. 71. Description The monument is surmounted by a Confederate soldier, standing at rest with musket in hand. Now a U.S. Forest Service campground. Confederate monuments are widely distributed across the southern United States. There are at least four remaining markers of the, Jeff Davis Peak Elevation: 9065ft / 2763 m, Pickett Peak: named for Confederate General, Fortuna: Pickett Peak Campground operated by the National Forest Service. Two other bronze plaques were erected in Riverfront Park by the Sons of Confederate Veterans in 1979 and 1985, which listed the names of Confederate veterans buried in East Volusia County. Seven Confederate figures are among them, with one pending removal and replacement. Dedicated by the United Daughters of the . E.W.) [11] Another historian from UNC, James Leloudis, stated that "The funders and backers of these monuments are very explicit that they are requiring a political education and a legitimacy for the Jim Crow era and the right of white men to rule. Chattanooga Hot Springs, near Atlanta, ID, Multiple locations: There are 27 historical markers/point-of-interest displays marking the route of, A granite monument was erected in 1933 at. [1][4] Zolnay donated $500; the Frank Cheatham Bivouac of the United Confederate Veterans raised $1000, the United Daughters of the Confederacy raised more than $1,000, and the rest was covered by smaller donors. There is no inscription, but a Harvard University page (. He recounted the magnificence and courage of Tennesseans to highlight their conduct in war and their conciliatory spirit in peace. The Club received a 25-year charter to create the Confederate Park Association in 1901, then purchased 373 acres (151ha) near this site for the "recreation, refuge and relief of Confederate soldiers" and their families. Confederate memorial fence at Clinton Square, built by J.V. Stonewall Lane, memorializing CSA Gen. Stonewall Jackson. [87], As of 24June2020[update], there are at least nine public Confederate monuments in Washington, D.C., mostly in the National Statuary Hall Collection. "[19], Many Confederate monuments were dedicated in the former Confederate states and border states in the decades following the Civil War, in many instances by Ladies Memorial Associations, United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), United Confederate Veterans (UCV), Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV), the Heritage Preservation Association, and other memorial organizations. ", "Confederate statue removed from city hall in Louisiana after 99 years", "NOLA History: Greenwood Cemetery in Mid-City", "Who Are the other Confederate Soldiers Honored with Statues on Jefferson Davis Parkway in Mid-City? This page is not available in other languages. During last week's Tennessee Historical Commission meeting, the board made a decision for the monument to remain in the park after it had been the center of a controversial debate in Nashville over the past years. University of North Carolina at Charlotte, South Carolina Confederate Relic Room and Military Museum, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of memorials and monuments at Arlington National Cemetery, Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps, List of U.S. Army installations named for Confederate soldiers, 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), List of ships of the Confederate States Navy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Alabama, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Arizona, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Arkansas, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials California, List of Confederate monuments and memorials National, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Florida, Judah P. Benjamin Confederate Memorial at Gamble Plantation Historic State Park, Florida's Tribute to the Women of the Confederacy, Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park, caned and seriously injured Massachusetts Senator and abolitionist Charles Sumner, Lee Elementary School of Technology / World Studies, List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Georgia, National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, As Confederate Monuments Come Down Across U.S., Wichita Memorial Comes Into Question, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials#Kansas, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Kentucky, Jefferson Davis Monument State Historic Site, Confederate Soldier Monument in Lexington, Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Louisiana, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Maryland, List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Mississippi, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Missouri, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Montana, List of Confederate monuments and memorials in North Carolina, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Ohio, List of monuments of the Gettysburg Battlefield Confederate monuments, High Water Mark of the Rebellion Monument, Stone Mountain#Confederate Memorial Carving, List of Confederate monuments and memorials in South Carolina, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Tennessee, Nathan Bedford Forrest Historical reputation and legacy, United Daughters of the Confederacy Monument, Hamilton County: Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park, Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Texas, Monument to "Confederate Soldiers and their Descendents, Sabine Pass Battleground State Historic Site, Confederate Reunion Grounds State Historic Site, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Utah, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Vermont, List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Virginia, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Virginia, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Washington (state), Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials Wisconsin, Public holidays in the United States#Confederate States of America, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests, List of monuments erected by the United Daughters of the Confederacy, List of monuments of the Gettysburg Battlefield, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of U.S. counties named after prominent Confederate historical figures, Monument and memorial controversies in the United States, Robert E. Lee Elementary School (disambiguation), Modern display of the Confederate battle flag, "Whose heritage? The statue depicts . Moved through Bardstown, July 6. The base includes a listing of Civil War (1861-1865) battles and the names of the thirteen states that withdrew . "[16] Some monuments were also meant to beautify cities as part of the City Beautiful movement, although this was secondary. No country ever had Truer sons, No cause Nobler champions, No people Bolder defenders, Than the brave soldiers To whose memory This . [15] According to Civil War historian Judith Giesberg, professor of history at Villanova University, "White supremacy is really what these statues represent. It was not until the early 1980s . Widener. Twenty-first century opponents of maintaining Confederate monuments have noted the white supremacy of such post-Reconstruction history as part of the context of the installation of the monuments and say they should be removed from public places.[1]. Through veneration of things memorable, magnificent, and courageous, he aroused feelings of pride, patriotism, and loyalty to the new Union. Confederate Mound, a memorial to more than 4,000 Confederate prisoners of war who died in captivity at Camp Douglas and are buried around the. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images The statue of Confederate General Robert E. Lee in the center of Emancipation Park the day after the Unite the Right rally led to violence on August 13, 2017 in. North side: The soldiers of the Southern Confederacy fought valiantly for The liberty of state bequeathed them By their forefathers of 1776 "Who Glorified Their righteous cause and they who made The sacrifice supreme in That they died To keep their country free", Littlefield Fountain, University of Texas, commemorates. (Tennessee Lookout) By Anita Wadhwani, Tennessee Lookout February 20, 2023 A Confederate monument will remain in one of Nashville's most-visited public parks after the Tennessee Historical. 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