However, significant issues include government corruption and prison overcrowding. All pollutants and impurities are removed using cutting-edge "multi-barrier" technology, which includes residual chlorination, ozone treatment, and ultra membrane filtration. The country also contains some descendants of refugees from Angola. [137] Germany has offered 1.1bn in 2021 over 30 years in reparations for the genocides in the early 20th century but the money will go towards infrastructure, healthcare and training programmes not land reform.[138]. [143] While Namibia is known predominantly for its gem diamond and uranium deposits, a number of other minerals are extracted industrially such as lead, tungsten, gold, tin, fluorspar, manganese, marble, copper and zinc. It wanted the Caprivi Strip to secede and form its own society. In Burkina Faso, for example, members of the Mossi ethnic group make up about half of the countrys population, whereas the other half of the population is comprised of several smaller ethnic groups. Namibia, formerly South West Africa, with an area of 824,269 square kilometres, is a mainly arid country, with a sparse and widely dispersed population, estimated at 1.4 million, which is. [7], The Mandate was supposed to become a United Nations Trust Territory when League of Nations Mandates were transferred to the United Nations following World War II. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Hausa, who number around 20 million, are found mostly in northwestern Nigeria and southern Niger, though there are also Hausa living in other West African countries, like Togo, Benin, and Ghana. Furthermore, the print market is complemented with party publications, student newspapers and PR publications. [38].mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}, As a result of the Conference on International Organization in 1945, the League of Nations was formally superseded by the United Nations (UN) and former League mandates by a trusteeship system. Please select which sections you would like to print: Also known as: Namibi, Republic of Namibia, South West Africa, Suidwes-Afrika. [127] "Strict unemployment" (people actively seeking a full-time job) stood at 20.2% in 2000, 21.9% in 2004 and spiralled to 29.4% in 2008. Namibia has the second-lowest population density of any sovereign country, after Mongolia. [135], About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food. There are 54 sovereign states (or countries) in Africa - see the list below the map. As a German colony from 1884, it was known as German South West Africa (Deutsch-Sdwestafrika). The Swakop and Kuiseb rivers rise on the plateau, descend the western escarpment, and die out in the Namib (except in rare flood years, when they reach the sea at Swakopmund and Walvis Bay, respectively). Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. Namibia formed the Namibian Defence Force (NDF), comprising former enemies in a 23-year bush war: the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and South West African Territorial Force (SWATF). [52] As the PLAN war effort gained momentum, the Soviet Union and other sympathetic states such as Cuba continued to increase their support, deploying advisers to train the insurgents directly as well as supplying more weapons and ammunition. Among these urban areas is Africas largest city, Lagos, which is located in Nigeria, and has a population of about 9 million residents. "[178] Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as Namibia's sole official language, though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language. It is lowest among respondents age 1524 (2.56.4 percent for women and 2.03.4 percent for men). West Africa includes 16 countries and one dependency. South Africa is its neighbor to the south. [111], Local authorities in Namibia can be in the form of municipalities (either Part 1 or Part 2 municipalities), town councils or villages. German rule ended in 1915 with a defeat by South African forces. [65] The transition from the 15-year rule of President Nujoma to his successor Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly.[66]. But just because all eyes happen to be on Africa at the moment doesn't mean myths about this part of the world have been dispelled. eSwatini is bordered to the north, south, and west by South Africa, and to the east by the East African country of Mozambique. Burger played for Saracens and Aurillac in Europe, as well as gaining 41 caps for the national team. Southern Africa contains only five countries: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, and eSwatini (formerly known as Swaziland). Waternot soil fertilityis the primary constraint on agriculture. The name eSwatini literally means land of the Swazis. Thus, it is the homeland of the Swazi people. The United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG)'s Kenyan infantry battalion remained in Namibia for three months after independence to help train the NDF and to stabilise the north. . Where people do not live near perennial rivers or make use of the storage dams, they are dependent on groundwater. Both in the densely populated Ovambo region in the north and in the commercial farming areas, overuse of land has reduced tree and bush cover, compacted soils, led to serious erosion, and lowered the water table by as much as 100 feet in the 20th century. It seeks to become a regional transportation hub; it has an important seaport and several landlocked neighbours. The Central Plateau is home to the highest point in Namibia at Knigstein elevation 2,606 metres (8,550ft). Among 34 African countries, Namibia is also poorly ranked at the 28th position. The Succulent Karoo is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo. The subregion is bordered to the northwest by Middle Africa, to the northeast by East Africa, and to the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of East Africa's people practice either Christianity or Islam. Germany had a difficult time administering the territory, which experienced many insurrections against the harsh German rule, especially those led by guerilla leader Jacob Morenga. The Bank of Namibia (BoN) is the central bank of Namibia responsible for performing all other functions ordinarily performed by a central bank. [134], Despite the remote nature of much of the country, Namibia has seaports, airports, highways, and railways (narrow-gauge). Namibia (/nmbi/ (listen), /n-/),[15][16] officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Namibias Caprivi Strip also borders Botswana to the north. [110], Regional councillors are directly elected through secret ballots (regional elections) by the inhabitants of their constituencies. 375,477,000. [192] A Demographic and Health Survey with an HIV biomarker was completed in 2013 and served as the fourth comprehensive, national-level population and health survey conducted in Namibia as part of the global Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme. After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991; further rounds followed in 2001, 2011, and 2023 (delayed two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and financial constraints). Curriculum development, educational research, and professional development of teachers is centrally organised by the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) in Okahandja. [206] In 2013, it was 19th,[207] 22nd in 2014[208] and 23rd in 2019,[209] meaning that it is currently the highest ranked African country in terms of press freedom. Corrections? It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Author of. In contrast, West Africas next most populous country, Ghana, has just 31 million people, which is almost seven times less than the population of Nigeria. [146], Estimates updated in 2022 suggest that two exploration wells in the offshore Orange Basin could hold 2 and 3 billion barrels of oil, respectively. Nevertheless, Lesotho is still a developing country. South Africa is the largest and most populous country in Southern Africa. Today most Christians are Lutheran, but there also are Roman Catholic, Methodist, Anglican, African Methodist Episcopal, Dutch Reformed, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses. On the bright side, Botswana is known as being one of the most stable countries in Africa. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. Largely savanna and scrub, it is somewhat more wooded in parts of the north and is broken throughout by hills, mountains, ravines (including the massive Fish River Canyon), and salt pans (notably the Etosha Pan). ", The early kingdoms and empires of the western Sudan, The wider influence of the Sudanic kingdoms, The Islamic revolution in the western Sudan, The Guinea coastlands and the Europeans (180779), Initial difficulty of European administration, Decolonization and the regaining of independence, The formation of African independence movements, https://www.britannica.com/place/western-Africa, University of Minnesota Libraries - West Africa, USGS - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center - West Africa: Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics, Stanford University - Conflict Diamonds in West Africa, 1914-1918 online - International Encyclopedia of the First World War - West Africa, Guinea-Bissau votes to elect legislature more than a year after president dissolved parliament, German parliament authorizes troops to stay in Mali for one final year, US sanctions head of Russia's Wagner Group in Mali, accused of arms trafficking for Ukraine fight, Seeking asylum and work, migrants bused out of NYC find hostility. Map with the location of all the countries in Africa. This estimate considers people in the informal economy as employed. [37] The mandate system was formed as a compromise between those who advocated for an Allied annexation of former German and Ottoman territories and a proposition put forward by those who wished to grant them to an international trusteeship until they could govern themselves. There are 16 countries and one dependency in West Africa. Senior Research Fellow, Department of African Studies and Anthropology, University of Birmingham; Professor of African History, SOAS University of London. [156] As a result, many Namibians prefer the traditional wells over the available water points far away. As the area behind the coast is a desert, these winds can develop into sand storms, leaving sand deposits in the Atlantic Ocean that are visible on satellite images. Of the estimated 1.369 billion people who live on the African continent, approximately 411 million live in West Africa. [58] The ceasefire was broken after PLAN made a final incursion into the territory, possibly as a result of misunderstanding UNTAG's directives, in March 1989. The British formulated the plan for integrating these forces and began training the NDF, which consists of a small headquarters and five battalions. The Fish (Vis) River rises in the Central Plateau and (seasonally) flows south to the Orange. South West Africa became known as Namibia by the UN when the General Assembly changed the territory's name by Resolution 2372 (XXII) of 12 June 1968. Just under half the West African population lives in urban areas. Zambia is ranked as one of Africa's safest countries in 2023 with an overall score of 1.841 on the Global Peace Index. Afrikaans is spoken by 60% of the white community, German by 32%, English by 7% and Portuguese by 45%. Some saw Germany's behavior in South-West Africa as a precursor of German actions in the Holocaust. [14], In another Advisory Opinion issued in 1955, the Court further ruled that the General Assembly was not required to follow League of Nations voting procedures in determining questions concerning South West Africa. [42] For its part, the Soviet Union supported SWAPO partly because it viewed South Africa as a regional Western ally. [183], Most of the white population speaks either Afrikaans or German. [124], Namibia has a highly developed banking sector with modern infrastructures, such as online banking and cellphone banking. ; 5. There are 54 countries in Africa today, according to the United Nations. The nine private radio stations in the country are mainly English-language channels, except for Radio Omulunga (Oshiwambo) and Kosmos 94.1 (Afrikaans). Under a broader definition (including people who have given up searching for employment) unemployment rose to 36.7% in 2004. "[96], In 1993, Namibia's newly formed government received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project. eSwatini, Lesotho, and Botswana are among the few countries in Africa in which one ethnic group forms a majority. Over half of the countrys population, 55.2%, lives in urban areas. India, Brazil and South Africa, which have refused to condemn the invasion and join Western sanctions on Moscow, have also been invited to the talks, the official said, but couldn't say which countries would attend. Article 77 of the United Nations Charter stated that UN trusteeship "shall applyto territories now held under mandate"; furthermore, it would "be a matter of subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing territories will be brought under the trusteeship system and under what terms". [141] However, as of 2019 Namibia continued to produce 750 tons of uranium annually making it a smaller than average exporter in the competitive world market. Residents of the city of Kadugli in southwest Sudan began fleeing the city on Thursday as tensions escalated between the army and a powerful rebel group, threatening to open another area of . [117] Some Namibian government officials and high-profile figures, such as Namibia's Ombudsman John Walters and First Lady Monica Geingos, have called for sodomy and homosexuality to be decriminalised and are in favour of LGBT rights. The capital of the country is Windhoek. Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cashless economy. The Nigerian city of Lagos, with a population of approximately 9 million, is the largest city in Africa. Diamonds (probably washed down from the Basotho highlands by the Orange River) and uranium are found at Oranjemund in the south and Arandis in the centre. It is West Africa's biggest city. [citation needed] Professional cyclist and Namibian Road Race champion Dan Craven represented Namibia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in both the road race and individual time trial. Additionally, a mentionable amount of foreign media, especially South African, is available. Namibia were participants in the 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2019 Rugby World Cups. Vai ser devolvido", "Namibia 30 vuotta Suomalaisilla oli merkittv rooli Namibian itsenistymisess", "Indirect Colonial Rule Undermines Support for Democracy: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Namibia", "Dear Pope Francis, Namibia was the 20th century's first genocide", "Vlkermord und Gedenken: Der Genozid an den Herero und Nama in Deutsch-Sdwestafrika 19041908", "German minister says sorry for genocide in Namibia", "SWAPO Incursion into Namibia Seen as Major Blunder by Nujoma", "Namibia Rebel Group Wins Vote, But It Falls Short of Full Control", "7. [163] The total fertility rate in 2015 was 3.47 children per woman according to the UN. Average temperatures and temperature ranges increase further inland from the cold Atlantic waters, while the lingering coastal fogs slowly diminish. The divide between Christianity and Islam has sometimes caused conflict in the African subregion. The Caprivi Strip extends east from the northeastern corner of the country. In response the German colonizers set up a veterinary cordon fence known as the Red Line. A large part of the population can not, however, make use of these resources due to the prohibitively high consumption cost and the long distance between residences and water points in rural areas. The difference in HIV prevalence between uncircumcised and circumcised men is larger among urban than rural men (5.2 percentage points versus 2.1 percentage points). The only permanent rivers are the Kunene (Cunene), the Okavango (Cubango), the Mashi (Kwando), and the Zambezi on the northern border and the Orange on the southern. [154] There are also a number of trade associations that represent the tourism sector in Namibia, such as the Federation of Namibia Tourism Associations (the umbrella body for all tourism associations in Namibia), the Hospitality Association of Namibia, the Association of Namibian Travel Agents, Car Rental Association of Namibia and the Tour and Safari Association of Namibia. Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport. [33] The memory of genocide remains relevant to ethnic identity in independent Namibia and to relations with Germany. [152] Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism-related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are headquartered in Windhoek. [83] In the summer of 2006/07 the rainfall was recorded far below the annual average. The bank, which is governed by the Ivorian Jean-Claude Kassi Brou, is based in Abidjan. Like the rest of Africa, West Africa is extremely diverse in terms of the different peoples, cultures, languages, and religions that call the subregion home. Since state foundation four Delimitation Commissions have delivered their work, the last one in 2013 under the chairmanship of Judge Alfred Siboleka. About 25% of its population has the disease. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands). Updated on September 17, 2019 After decolonization, state boundaries in Africa remained remarkably stable, but the colonial names of African states often changed. It scores well in the categories of militarisation, displaced people, and conflicts fought. The data came from Bloomberg's own financial-market statistics, IMF forecasts and the World Bank. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. [166] The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%). Both Sesotho and English are official languages in the country. Namibia's primary tourism related governing body, the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB), was established by an Act of Parliament: the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000). A complete list of languages according to the 2011 census is 48.9% Oshiwambo, 11.3% Khoekhoegowab, 10.4% Afrikaans, 8.6% Otjiherero, 8.5% RuKwangali, 4.8% siLozi, 3.4% English, 1.2% Other African languages, 0.9% German, 0.8% San, 0.7% Other European languages, 0.3% Setswana, and 0.1% Asian languages. [50], Namibia became one of several flashpoints for Cold War proxy conflicts in southern Africa during the latter years of the PLAN insurgency. These are particularly important to the rural, generally unemployed, population. As mandatory power, South Africa imposed its laws, including racial classifications and rules. Corrections? All individuals are taxed at progressive marginal rates over a series of income brackets. Between 2001 and 2011 the annual population growth was 1.4%, down from 2.6% in the previous ten-year period.[171]. The only perennial rivers are found on the national borders with South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and the short border with Botswana in the Caprivi Strip. [157], Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. In early 2020, The Global Firepower Index (GFP) reported that Namibia's military is ranked as one of the weakest in the world, at 126th out of 137 countries. Population An estimated 1.37 billion people live in the second-largest continent, representing about 14 percent of the world's population (in 2021). Some of them settled in Namibia instead of continuing their journey. It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half. In fact, most of the countries in West Africa have not given official status to indigenous languages. Culturally, the people of the region belong for the most part to one of three major language families. The Demographic and Health Survey (2013) summarises findings on elevated blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity: The HIV epidemic remains a public health issue in Namibia despite significant achievements made by the Ministry of Health and Social Services to expand HIV treatment services. [200][202][203], Current daily newspapers are the private publications The Namibian (English and other languages), Die Republikein (Afrikaans), Allgemeine Zeitung (German) and Namibian Sun (English) as well as the state-owned New Era (predominantly English). Updated on May 30, 2019 In the 21st century, there's never been more focus on Africa than now. [54] Just over 97% of eligible voters participated in the country's first parliamentary elections held under a universal franchise. [61] The United Nations plan included oversight by foreign election observers in an effort to ensure a free and fair election. In the east, Namibia slopes gradually downward, and the savanna merges into the Kalahari. As its name implies, Botswana is the homeland of the Tswana people, who make up 79% of the countrys population. The largest South African city is Cape Town, on the countrys southwest coast. In December 2014, Prime Minister Hage Geingob, the candidate of ruling SWAPO, won the presidential elections, taking 87% of the vote. It lies mostly between latitudes 17 and 29S (a small area is north of 17), and longitudes 11 and 26E. [57] PLAN and South Africa adopted an informal ceasefire in August 1988, and a United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) was formed to monitor the Namibian peace process and supervise the return of refugees. The southernmost African country of South Africa encompasses an area of 1,221,037 sq. 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