operation werewolf wiki

after he turned into a wolf he started howling and then ran off into the woods. ), Studien zum indogermanischen Wortschatz, Innsbruck, 1987, 101154. Secrecy and camouflage were relied upon for security and all personnel had strict orders to conceal themselves if US troops came into their area and under no circumstances to open fire in the bivouac area. Traveling strictly at night, they would hide in forester and game warden cabins during daylight. [65] Directives were loosely defined and implementation of reprisal was largely left to the preferences of the various armies, with the British seeming uncomfortable with those involving bloodshed. [5], While escaping with Leitgeb, Hirsch tripped a buried landmine. In late 1946 reports of activities gradually died away.[17]. werewolves'), the Old Irish noun ferchu ('male dog, fierce dog'), and the medieval personal names Guurci (Old Welsh) and Gurki (Old Breton). Various methods have existed for removing the werewolf form. The complex was served by a daily three-hour flight connection from Berlin to the airfield in Kalinovka 20km (12mi) from the compound. [43], People suffering from Down syndrome have been suggested by some scholars to have been possible originators of werewolf myths. [2], Unternehmen Karneval was a Werwolf mission authorized by Heinrich Himmler to assassinate collaborator Dr. Franz Oppenhoff, who, in October 1944, was appointed mayor of Aachen by the Americans after they took control of the city. Numbuh 4 starts developing werewolf features, including hands, ears, feet, teeth, a tail, and a head. In the final months of World War II, as the Allied troops pushed deeper into Nazi Germany and the Soviet Red Army pinned the German military on the Eastern front, Hitler and his most senior officials looked to any last resort to keep their ideology alive. Morgenschweiss and Hirsch, who knew the city well and acted as guide, would enter town and locate their target. When Oppenhoff arrived, Wenzelwho had assured his accomplices he would do the shootinglost his nerve. The Nazi regime built 18 camps for Soviet prisoners of war in the region, and several ghettos, labor camps and prisons for Jewish residents, all of whom were killed by the German occupants. [43] However, the idea that lycanthropy could be transmitted in this way is not part of the original myths and legends and only appears in relatively recent beliefs. [16] Armed Forces Radio claimed that, Every friendly German civilian is a disguised soldier of hate. [43] These warriors were resistant to pain and killed viciously in battle, much like wild animals. Newsletter Signup. The tactics available to the organisation included sniping attacks, arson, sabotage, and assassination. "[33], Perry Biddiscombe has offered a somewhat different view. Werewolves were mentioned in Medieval law codes, such as that of King Cnut, whose Ecclesiastical Ordinances inform us that the codes aim to ensure that "the madly audacious werewolf do not too widely devastate, nor bite too many of the spiritual flock. In Haiti, there is a superstition that werewolf spirits known locally as J-rouge (red eyes) can possess the bodies of unwitting persons and nightly transform them into cannibalistic lupine creatures. [20], Lykos () of Athens was a wolf-shaped her, whose shrine stood by the jurycourt, and the first jurors were named after him. [61] [4], The Norse branch underwent taboo modifications, with Old Norse varglfr (only attested as a translation of Old French garwaf ~ garwal(f) from Marie's lay of Bisclavret) replacing *wiraz ('man') with vargr ('wolf, outlaw'), perhaps under the influence of the Old French expression leus warous ~ lous garous (modern loup-garou), which literally means 'wolf-werewolf'. Perhaps the most infamous example is the case of Peter Stumpp (executed in 1589), the German farmer, and alleged serial killer and cannibal, also known as the Werewolf of Bedburg.[54]. Some modern researchers have tried to explain the reports of werewolf behaviour with recognised medical conditions. [63] In addition, civilians held by the U.S. climbed from 1,000 in late March to 30,000 in late June, and more than 100,000 by the end of 1945. She injured her knee and Leitgeb was killed. The NES version was added to the Wii Virtual Console in 2008 for North America. The Nazis destroyed the site, including mining access to the underground complex, upon abandoning the region. Other werewolves are decidedly more willful and malevolent, such as those in the novel The Howling and its subsequent sequels and film adaptations. From the start of the war, Hitler pulled from Germanic folklore and occult legends to supplement Nazi pageantry. His behavior at court was gentle, until his wife and her new husband appeared at court, so much so that his hateful attack on the couple was deemed justly motivated, and the truth was revealed. This page was last edited on 19 March 2023, at 12:47. [14] The 4000 forced laborers were lined up and shot when construction was finished.[15][16][6]. Hirsch was acquitted and another of the team members was never charged. In the Austrian and Bavarian Alps, belief in werewolves persisted well into the 18th century. The persecution of werewolves and the associated folklore is an integral part of the "witch-hunt" phenomenon, albeit a marginal one, accusations of lycanthropy being involved in only a small fraction of witchcraft trials. [17] The journey took 34 hours. On 28 April 1945 Staff Sergeant Ib Melchior of the US Counter-Intelligence Corps captured six German officers and 25 enlisted men dressed in civilian clothes, who claimed to constitute a Werwolf cell under the command of Colonel Paul Krger, operating in Schnsee, Bavaria. So, You Want to be a Werewolf?. After this, the only further record from the Vaud dates to 1670: it is that of a boy who claimed he and his mother could change themselves into wolves, which was, however, not taken seriously. Privacy Statement [58] Parents as well as the East German administration and political parties, installed by the Soviets, were denied any information on the whereabouts of the arrested youths. As a result, he was charged in 1947 at the Dachau Military Tribunal with breaching the 1907 Hague Convention but was acquitted. High-level Nazis researched everything from the Holy Grail to witchcraft, as historian Eric Kurlander describes in his book, Hitlers Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich. [77] Sympathetic portrayals are few but notable, such as the comedic but tortured protagonist David Naughton in An American Werewolf in London,[81] and a less anguished and more confident and charismatic Jack Nicholson in the 1994 film Wolf. According to von Hodenberg, In American popular culture, the image of the Nazi and the werewolf often merged. Werewolves in Canifis appear as normal humans (level 28 with 1000 life points) until damaged, unless the player wields Wolfbane, in which case they remain human. On one hand the "Germanic" werewolf, which becomes associated with the witchcraft panic, and on the other hand the "Slavic" werewolf or vlkolak, which becomes associated with the concept of the revenant or "vampire". [48] In any case, as late as in 1853, in Galicia, northwestern Spain, Manuel Blanco Romasanta was judged and condemned as the author of a number of murders, but he claimed to be not guilty because of his condition of lobishome, werewolf. In the same vein, in some rural areas of Germany, Poland and Northern France, it was once believed that people who died in mortal sin came back to life as blood-drinking wolves. On 23 March 1945 Goebbels gave a speech known as the "Werwolf speech", in which he urged every German to fight to the death. The chosen man was escorted to a marsh in the area, where he hung his clothes into an oak tree, swam across the marsh and transformed into a wolf, joining a pack for nine years. A treatise by a Vaud pastor in 1653, however, argued that lycanthropy was purely an illusion. Nazi Germany used Werwolf, as the mythical creature's name is spelled in German, in 194243 as the codename for one of Hitler's headquarters. The curse can also be obtained when in the adulthood the person passed three times through an arch made of a Birch with the help of a wild rose's spine. The victim would be subjected to long periods of physical activity in the hope of being purged of the malady. Disgusted, the god turns Lycaon into a wolf. The Blast at the munitions depot in Brezno and the massacre of the German population, 31 July 1945. [36] He further cites U.S. Army intelligence reports that characterized Nazi partisans as "nomad bands"[37] and judged them as less serious threats than attacks by foreign slave laborers[38] and considered their sabotage and subversive activities to be insignificant. The Haitian j-rouges typically try to trick mothers into giving away their children voluntarily by waking them at night and asking their permission to take their child, to which the disoriented mother may either reply yes or no. [43] Conversion to Christianity is also a common method of removing lycanthropy in the medieval period; a devotion to St. Hubert has also been cited as both cure for and protection from lycanthropes. William / Guillaume, Wales / Galles, etc.). [56] He was restored to human form 10 years later and went on to become an Olympic champion. [11] Oxygen tanks were also available at Hitler's insistence. The transformation may be temporary or permanent; the were-animal may be the man himself metamorphosed; may be his double whose activity leaves the real man to all appearance unchanged; may be his soul, which goes forth seeking whomever it may devour, leaving its body in a state of trance; or it may be no more than the messenger of the human being, a real animal or a familiar spirit, whose intimate connection with its owner is shown by the fact that any injury to it is believed, by a phenomenon known as repercussion, to cause a corresponding injury to the human being. A peak of attention to lycanthropy came in the late 16th to early 17th century, as part of the European witch-hunts. However little effect the werewolves may have had on the German war effort, they never disappeared entirely from the minds of the American media and politicians. The Modern English werewolf descends from the Old English werewulf, which is a cognate (linguistic sibling of the same origin) of Middle Dutch weerwolf, Middle Low German werwulf, Middle High German werwolf, and West Frisian waer-l(e). No routes of escape had been planned. The team assembled by Generalinspekteur fr Spezialabwehr Hans-Adolf Prtzmann, who was given the task by Himmler, was: The team's plan was to move to their first base camp in dense woodlands along the German-Belgian frontier. After 1650, belief in Lycanthropy had mostly disappeared from French-speaking Europe, as evidenced in Diderot's Encyclopedia, which attributed reports of lycanthropy to a "disorder of the brain",[47] although there were continuing reports of extraordinary wolflike beasts but they were not considered to be werewolves. In other tales the divine agency is even more direct, while in Russia, again, men supposedly became werewolves when incurring the wrath of the Devil. A Fennoscandian perspective", Facundo Quiroga, "The Tiger of the Argentine Prairies" and the Legend of the ". The second attempt at recruiting werewolves came from Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbelsand this time it was more successful. "[13] The initial broadcast stated that the Nazi Party was ordering every German to "stand his ground and do or die against the Allied armies, who are preparing to enslave Germans. They would then get a hold of another vulkodlak's skin and burn it, releasing from its curse the vukodlak from whom the skin came.[43]. Another popular myth about Werwolf is that it was intended to continue fighting underground even after the surrender of the Nazi government and the German military. From Kiev, prowling, he reached, before the cocks crew, Tmutorokan. In Mexico, there is a belief in a creature called the nagual. [46] Werewolves were sighted in 1598 in Anjou, and a teenage werewolf was sentenced to life imprisonment in Bordeaux in 1603. Another belief from the same culture involves the piercing of the werewolf's hands with nails. Beginning early in 1945, national radio broadcasts urged German civilians to join the Werewolf movement, fighting the Allies and any German collaborators who welcomed the enemy into their homes. Ilse Hirsch (1922 - 2000) was a German Bund Deutscher Mdel (BDM) Hauptgruppenfhrerin (Captain) famous as part of the six-person team that participated in Operation Carnival in 1945. Broadcasts began with the sound of a wolf howling, and a song featuring the lyrics, "My werewolf teeth bite the enemy / And then he's done and then he's gone / Hoo, hoo hoo. [62], Among the South Slavs, and also among the ethnic Kashubian people in present-day northern Poland, there was the belief that if a child was born with hair, a birthmark or a caul on their head, they were supposed to possess shapeshifting abilities. For around $250-$400 per year, Elite members can access a message board, some spurious investment advice, and five weekly posts from Waggener that amount to a spiritually-infused physical and . When his treacherous wife stole his clothing needed to restore his human form, he escaped the king's wolf hunt by imploring the king for mercy and accompanied the king thereafter. On 20 March 1945 the team were flown in a captured, Luftwaffe-operated B-17 Flying Fortress from Hildesheim airfield near Hanover and parachuted around the village of Gemmenich. In 1942, Adolf Hitler named the OKW and OKH field headquarters, at Vinnytsia in Ukraine, "Werwolf",[7] and Hitler on a number of occasions had used "Wolf" as a pseudonym for himself. Most members of the Counter Intelligence Corps were of the opinion that it was merely a hastily drawn swastika, Manuel wrote in a memoir. Werwolf agents were supposed to have at their disposal a vast assortment of weapons, from fire-proof coats to silenced Walther pistols but in reality, this was merely on paper; Werwolf never actually had the necessary equipment, organisation, morale or coordination. Skorzeny had already proved the value of such a specialized strike in 1943, when he successfully led a small group of commandoes to rescue Benito Mussolini from a prison in Italy. The code name for the secret construction project was Anlage Eichenhain (Camp Oak Grove). However, collective punishment for acts of resistance, such as fines and curfews, was still being imposed as late as 1948. In Italy, France and Germany, it was said that a man or woman could turn into a werewolf if he or she, on a certain Wednesday or Friday, slept outside on a summer night with the full moon shining directly on his or her face.[43]. Later in the 17th and 18th century, the trials in Hungary not only were conducted against witches, but against werewolves too, and many records exist creating connections between both kinds. Posted Thursday, May 25, 2006. The Wehrmacht had its regional headquarters in Vinnytsia, and the Luftwaffe had a strong presence at their airbase in Kalinovka, about 20km (12mi) away. The werewolves were known to exterminate all kind of farm animals, especially sheep. [78] Universal Studios drew on a Balkan tale of a plant associated with lycanthropy as there was no literary work to draw upon, unlike the case with vampires. However, Woodward dismissed the possibility, as the rarity of the disease ruled it out from happening on a large scale, as werewolf cases were in medieval Europe. In other cases, the transformation was supposedly accomplished by Satanic allegiance for the most loathsome ends, often for the sake of sating a craving for human flesh. It was built between December 1941 and June 1942 under top secret conditions by Soviet prisoners of war. The Iraqi insurgency was initially compared to the history of Werwolf by the Bush Administration and other Iraq War supporters. It is widely misconstrued as having been intended to be a guerrilla force to harass Allied forces after the defeat of Germany, a misconception created by Joseph Goebbels through propaganda disseminated in the waning weeks of the war through his "Radio Werwolf, which was not actually connected in any way with the military unit. Lorey (2000) records 280 known cases; this contrasts with a total number of 12,000 recorded cases of executions for witchcraft, or an estimated grand total of about 60,000, corresponding to 2% or 0.5% respectively. [60], The report, though referring to incidents where Soviet units came under fire from the woods,[59] asserts that most of the arrested had not been involved in any action against the Soviets, which Serov explained with interrogation results allegedly showing that the boys had been "waiting" for the right moment and in the meantime focused on attracting new members. In The City of God, Augustine of Hippo gives an account similar to that found in Pliny the Elder. Belief in werewolves developed in parallel to the belief in witches, in the course of the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period. It was an image Hitler harnessed repeatedly, from the name of one of his Eastern front headquartersthe Wolf's Lairto the implementation of "Operation Werewolf," an October 1944 plan for Nazi. Also the vampires and werewolves are closely related in Hungary, being both feared in the antiquity. "till the publican shot a silver button over their heads when they were instantly transformed into two ill-favoured old ladies"[70] c. 1640 the city of Greifswald, Germany was infested by werewolves. [11] Bulgarian vrkolak and Church Slavonic vurkolak may be interpreted as back-borrowings from Greek. Wikipedia can be a great starting source for research for older subjects, but concerning contemporary topics and people, Wikipedia has persistently demonstrated itself to be a far-left propaganda site. Ralston in his Songs of the Russian People gives the form of incantation still familiar in Russia. Kurt Frank Korf, quoted in Patricia Kollander, "Hitler Admits His Western Armies Have Been Reduced to Guerrillas,", resulted in the suicide of hundreds of people, occupation forces in post-World War II Germany, Major Erwin Lessner, "Hitler's Final V Weapon: The Nazis are carefully building a program for a guerrilla blitzkrieg,". Kim R. McCone, "Hund, Wolf, und Krieger bei den Indogermanen" in W. Meid (ed. [5] In July 1941 the whole Vinnytska oblast was occupied by the Nazi regime and later the entire region too. Warum Tausende Jugendliche in sowjetischen Lagern landeten", Varulvene et uhyggeligt netvrk under Anden Verdenskrig, "DefenseLink Speech: Veterans of Foreign Wars", "National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice Remarks to Veterans of Foreign Wars", Army Historical Series: The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany, United States Army Center of Military History, "The occupation of Germany, the occupation of Iraq, many parallels", National Political Institutes of Education, National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), National Socialist German Doctors' League, National Socialist League for Physical Exercise (NSRL), Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party, German National Socialist Workers' Party (Czechoslovakia), Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation, German National Movement in Liechtenstein, National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands, National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark, Nationalist Liberation Alliance (Argentina), South African Gentile National Socialist Movement, Coalition for the Defence of the Republic, National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party, British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, Fdration d'action nationale et europenne, National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom), National Socialist Workers' Party (Sweden), Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists, Hungarian National Socialist Agricultural Labourers' and Workers' Party, United Hungarian National Socialist Party, Volkssozialistische Bewegung Deutschlands/Partei der Arbeit, National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement, The Foundations of Geopolitics: The Geopolitical Future of Russia, Imperium: The Philosophy of History and Politics, An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus, National Socialist League of the Reich for Physical Exercise, Union of Young Fascists Vanguard (boys), Union of Young Fascists Vanguard (girls), National Socialist German Students' League, Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Werwolf&oldid=1159260942, Military history of Germany during World War II, Paramilitary organisations based in Germany, Military units and formations established in 1944, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. There is evidence of widespread belief in werewolves in medieval Europe. For him in Polotsk they rang for matins early at St. Sophia the bells; but he heard the ringing in Kiev. Woodward thought that these beliefs were due to the Norse colonization of the Americas. The arcade version was included in the compilation Taito Legends on the Sony PlayStation 2 in 2005 (but lacked light-gun support). One U.S. intelligence report from May 1945 asserted, The Werewolf organization is not a myth. Some American authorities saw the bands of guerrilla fighters as one of the greatest threats to security in both the American and Allied Zones of Occupation, writes historian Stephen Fritz in Endkampf: Soldiers, Civilians, and the Death of the Third Reich. The Naskapis believed that the caribou afterlife is guarded by giant wolves which kill careless hunters venturing too near. Usually in these cases the abilities are diminished in human form. [10] The facility also contained a large vegetable garden organised by the German horticultural company Zeidenspiner to provide Hitler with a secure supply of food. In antiquity, the Ancient Greeks and Romans believed in the power of exhaustion in curing people of lycanthropy. Using an alleged link with the group as cover they were able to reroute a train of "refugees" (Belgian and French Nazi collaborators running away from justice) from Innsbruck back to Switzerland and then Brussels. The Guaran Myth about the Origin of Human Language and the Tiger-men. In late summer/early autumn 1944, Heinrich Himmler initiated Unternehmen Werwolf (Operation Werwolf), ordering SS Obergruppenfhrer Hans-Adolf Prtzmann to begin organising an elite troop of volunteer forces to operate secretly behind enemy lines. It was regarded as a more serious menace to order than the Werwolf by US officials. One universally reviled trait in medieval Europe was the werewolf's habit of devouring recently buried corpses, a trait that is documented extensively, particularly in the Annales Medico-psychologiques in the 19th century. In 1692, in Jrgensburg, Livonia, Thiess testified under oath that he and other werewolves were the Hounds of God. The complex was located in a pine forest, about 12 kilometres (7+12 miles) north of Vinnytsia in occupied Ukraine, between the villages of Stryzhavka and Kolo-Mikhailovka on the Kyiv highway. Sentenced to life imprisonment in Bordeaux in 1603 was included in the late to! Periods of physical activity in the power of exhaustion in curing People of lycanthropy an account similar to that in... Supplement Nazi pageantry film adaptations the ringing in Kiev Leitgeb, Hirsch tripped a landmine! Songs of the `` 17th century, as part of the European witch-hunts ] Oxygen tanks were also available Hitler! 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