Compared with nonvegetarian postmenopausal women, women of the same age who were ovo-lacto vegetarians had no differences in cortical and trabecular BMD according to Tesar et al. Estrogen and bone health in men and women. Osteoporosis is, Various types of osteoporosis medications are available. Dietary factors in bone health of elderly lactoovovegetarian and omnivorous women. Bone buffering of acid and base in humans. High dietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal but not premenopausal women. In the present study, only the group with very low dietary calcium intake (<400 mg/d) had significantly lower lumbar BMD compared with the other dietary groups in both men and women, whereas calcium intake was linearly related to the femoral neck and total hip BMD in men in the low to moderate calcium intake groups. First, this was a cross-sectional study, and prospective studies on the relationship between dietary calcium intake and bone are needed to determine whether these associations are causal. Beck TJ, Looker AC, Ruff CB, Sievanen H, Wahner HW. A persons dosage depends on their sex, age, and more. The most common osteoporosis This was a cross-sectional study of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 20082010. B, BMD values in women. Davey GK, Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Knox KH, Key TJ. Osteoporosis is the major cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and in older men. Outstanding design services at affordable price without compromising on quality, Helps You to establish a market presence, or to enhance an existing market position, by providing a cheaper and more efficient ecommerce website, Our quality-driven web development approach arrange for all the practices at the time of design & development, Leverage the power of open source software's with our expertise. Vegetarians' iron intake is usually similar to or slightly better than that of nonvegetarians [10]. Huang TH, Ables GP. Cubic spline curves are shown. Because supplements do not reduce fractures, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against supplementing with 1,000 mg calcium and 400 IU vitamin D in postmenopausal women. Regardless of the source, high potassium intake is positively correlated with bone metabolism [54]. CEO With the increase in age, the BMD of men gradually decreases, while that of women declines sharply after the fifth decade due to menopause [2]. Vegetarianism, bone loss, fracture and Vitamin D: A longitudinal study in Asian vegans and non-vegans. Blood and urine tests may be recommended to identify a cause of osteoporosis, such as a thyroid problem. Vegetarian diets differ significantly in nutritional components from meat diets, and many of the nutrients may affect bone metabolism, some beneficially and some unfavorably [3]. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Due to the various levels of nutrients in the diet (such as protein, alkali, calcium, Vitamin K, and phytoestrogens) and major lifestyle factors (such as smoking and physical exercise), determining the impact of a vegetarian diet on bone health is very complex. Deriemaeker P, Aerenhouts D, Hebbelinck M, Clarys P. Nutrient based estimation of acid-base balance in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The evidence is insufficient for larger doses and supplementation in premenopausal women. Long-term persistence of the urine calcium-lowering effect of potassium bicarbonate in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D is another important nutritional component for bone health and is closely related to calcium metabolism (35). Multifactorial interventions, including referral to physical or occupational therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, and nutrition therapy, may be the most helpful for patients with risk factors. Kwok CS, Umar S, Myint PK, Mamas MA, Loke YK. The societal burden of osteoporosis. Cancer incidence in British vegetarians. Marsh AG, Sanchez TV, Michelsen O, Chaffee FL, Fagal SM. Sahni S, Broe KE, Tucker KL, McLean RR, Kiel DP, Cupples LA, et al. McLean RR, Jacques PF, Selhub J, Fredman L, Tucker KL, Samelson EJ, et al. A healthy bone diet prescription may increase plant protein intake in people who follow a vegetarian diet plan. Moreover the Magnesium deficiency contributes to osteoporosis directly by acting on crystal formation and on bone cells and indirectly by impacting on the secretion and the activity of Rizza W, Veronese N, Fontana L. What are the roles of calorie restriction and diet quality in promoting healthy longevity? This article will use the terms male, female, or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. For postmenopausal women, ingesting soy protein at a high isoflavone concentration for 6 months can prevent bone loss in the spine [89]. The relationships between the T-score for each skeletal site in men and women are shown in Figure 4. Fruits and vegetables are associated with a low dietary acid load and are known to be associated with lower bone absorption and therefore with higher BMD [52]. By contrast, T-scores at each skeletal site showed a constant level for those with calcium intake of 800 mg/d or greater (Figure 4, AC). Li M, Hasegawa T, Masuki H, Liu Z, Guo Y, Suzuki R, et al. Values with different superscripts are significantly different (P < .05 with Bonferroni correction). These values are much lower than those reported in Western populations (11001300 mg/d) (12). Ultrastructural assessment of mineral crystallization and collagen mineralization in bone. A detailed description of the survey has been published elsewhere (21). The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Varenna M, Binelli L, Casari S, Zucchi F, Sinigaglia L. Compston J, Bowring C, Cooper A, et al. Lu SC, Wu WH, Lee CA, Chou HF, Lee HR, Huang PC. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. Iguacel I, Miguel-Berges ML, Gmez-Bruton A, Moreno LA, Julin C. Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. LDL of Taiwanese vegetarians are less oxidizable than those of omnivores. Dennison EM, Syddall HE, Aihie Sayer A, Craighead S, Phillips DI, Cooper C. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased axial bone density in men and women from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study: Evidence for an indirect effect of insulin resistance? Learn more about the options. We observed a significant dose trend between dietary calcium intake and BMD related to hip in men but not to lumbar in men and women. *, P < .05 by ANCOVA after controlling for age and BMI with the Bonferroni correction. Investigating the power of music for dementia. Vitamin D has been reported as an important factor in the relationship between calcium and PTH and may alter the compensatory response of PTH to hypocalcemia (12). In the associations between dietary calcium intake and PTH, a negative association started from the level of 800 mg/d in men but from the level of less than 400 mg/d in women (Figure 4D). The KNHANES is a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study in Korea designed to evaluate the health and nutritional status of Korean population. Routine exercise, including aerobic and resistance activities, helps prevent bone loss; exercise also helps prevent falls in older adults. Fraser GE. Comparisons between Taiwanese vegetarians and nonvegetarians, either men or women, revealed no statistically significant difference in BMD, with comparable proportions of subjects with osteopenia or osteoporosis between groups [2]. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This article also looks at which joints osteoporosis affects, symptoms, treatments, diagnosis. Diet in Different Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones. Sex and gender exist on spectrums. Moreover, calcium balance is known to be largely dependent on body size (31). Calcium supplements may help reduce bone mineral density loss, especially in people who are calcium deficient. Ahn H, Kim JM, Lee K, Kim H, Jeong D. Extracellular acidosis accelerates bone resorption by enhancing osteoclast survival, adhesion, and migration. Approximately 200 million individuals worldwide are affected by osteoporosis, which results in 8.9 million fractures annually [].Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and progressive degradation of bone microstructure, with Hence, vegetarians need to take care of not consuming too much salt or sugar. Therefore, people with osteoporosis can work to increase the number of calcium-rich foods in their diet. Read on to learn how much calcium people with osteoporosis need. Ca, calcium. Sometimes osteoporosis is diagnosed during a regular physical exam when you turn out to have lost some height. Ergocalciferol from mushrooms or supplements consumed with a standard meal increases 25-hydroxyergocalciferol but decreases 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the serum of healthy adults. The subjects who used antiresorptive agents such as raloxifene, bisphosphonate, or hormone replacement therapy were also excluded. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Compared to the meat diet, the intake of Vitamin B12 in the vegetarian diet is significantly reduced [3]. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. Hypomagnesemia is defined as a serum magnesium level less than 0.75 mmol/L [ 6 ]. To verify a diagnosis, an x-ray may be taken to see if your bones are less dense than they had been. Some eat dairy products and eggs in addition to plant-based foods (ovo-lacto vegetarians) [27]. Only PTH concentration in men differed significantly between calcium intake groups (P < .001). Osteoporosis is a silent disease because you typically do not have symptoms, and you may not even know you have the disease until you break a bone. Discussing the condiments, high salt intake is one of the major risk factors for osteoporosis due to increased calciuria [95]. Over decades, some amount of acid in the body, titrated by skeletal bases daily, could cause a large consumption of bone minerals [40]. People require different amounts of calcium at various life stages: It is possible to consume too much calcium, so people should only take supplements if a doctor recommends them. In Western countries, the transition from a meat diet to a plant-based diet, including the consumption of large amounts of soy products and intake of sufficient calcium, may be beneficial to bone health, but it is impossible to offset limited physical activity and low estrogen exposure [90]. Data were acquired for this study from the results of KNHANES 20082010. Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists. The BMD showed age-related declines in men and women in Taiwan, but a vegetarian diet did not seem to affect this decline [2]. New SA. Ho SC. Khosla S, Oursler MJ, Monroe DG. Consequently, only fewer than 5.0% of men and women had a calcium intake of 1200 mg/d or greater in each age group. Bone is a dynamic, metabolically active tissue that requires sufficient nutrients throughout its life cycle for bone modeling and mineralization [3]. Fractures can occur in any bone but happen most often in bones of the hip, vertebrae in the Bone density, even in severe osteoporosis, generally can be stabilized or improved. Younger patients with an estimated fracture risk of greater than 8.4% also benefit from screening. A study showed an association between low protein intake and greater bone loss and hip fractures in the younger Framingham Offspring women but not in men [85]. There is no cure for osteoporosis, but treatment can help reduce or stop bone loss and prevent fractures. In one study, when vegetarians increased their intake of plant protein from < 3 times a week to more than once a day, wrist fractures were reduced by 68% [76]. Vitamin B (1)(2)-dependent taurine synthesis regulates growth and bone mass. In men, femoral neck and total hip BMD was positively related to calcium intake up to 1200 mg/d. Does the East differ from the West. Roman-Garcia P, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Mottram L, Lieben L, Sharan K, Wangwiwatsin A, et al. Vitamin D is another essential component for bone health (10). An official website of the United States government. Vegetarian foods are linked to factors that are bad for bone health, such as low BMI and low intake of calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and protein, but these diets are also rich in nutrients that are good for bone health, including potassium, magnesium, Vitamins C and K, and n-3 fatty acids [10,35]. VTDK248. Fractures in patients with osteoporosis often occur related to falls, and certain risk factors make falls more likely (Table 1). Mean (A) and distribution of daily dietary calcium intake (B) in each decade. Fontana L, Meyer TE, Klein S, Holloszy JO. Hispanic and Black women are 60% less likely to receive bone density testing after a hip fracture, and nearly 10% fewer Black women receive treatment for osteoporosis than White women. Moosgaard B, Christensen SE, Vestergaard P, Heickendorff L, Christiansen P, Mosekilde L. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. The mean daily dietary calcium intake was lower in this study than that reported for other ethnic groups and did not achieve the Korea dietary reference Intakes, and it became intensified with advancing years (14, 26, 27). Comparison of correlates of bone mineral density in individuals adhering to lacto-ovo, vegan, or omnivore diets: A cross-sectional investigation. However, the association between calcium and BMD was not consistently 3 ways to describe the role of minerals in healthy bone tissue and osteoporosis risk. Tesar R, Notelovitz M, Shim E, Kauwell G, Brown J. Axial and peripheral bone density and nutrient intakes of postmenopausal vegetarian and omnivorous women. Having reliable, timely support is essential for uninterrupted business operations. Third, information about nondietary calcium intake, including supplements, was not assessed. Tobias JH, Cook DG, Chambers TJ, Dalzell N. A comparison of bone mineral density between Caucasian, Asian and Afro-Caribbean women. Lennon EJ, Lemann J., Jr Influence of diet composition on endogenous fixed acid production. Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, How much calcium to take for osteoporosis, Risks and side effects of too much calcium, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Calcium-HealthProfessional/, https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/patients/treatment/calciumvitamin-d/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441901/, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/, A probiotic may help treat dry eye disease, according to a study in mice, Excess alcohol consumption may speed up progression of Alzheimer's disease, Diet high in omega-3 fatty acids linked to slower ALS progression in new study, Eczema: How symptom improvement affects patient satisfaction with treatments, Fecal transplant trial provides hope for people with liver disease. Acceptability of lacto-ovovegetarian diet by patients at tzu chi general hospital. . Frassetto LA, Hardcastle AC, Sebastian A, Aucott L, Fraser WD, Reid DM, et al. Potter SM, Baum JA, Teng H, Stillman RJ, Shay NF, Erdman JW., Jr Soy protein and isoflavones: Their effects on blood lipids and bone density in postmenopausal women. Not salt but sugar as aetiological in osteoporosis: A review. Lemann J, Jr, Bushinsky DA, Hamm LL. Veronese N, Stubbs B, Crepaldi G, Solmi M, Cooper C, Harvey NC, et al. WebThere is also a genetic component. Ho-Pham LT, Vu BQ, Lai TQ, Nguyen ND, Nguyen TV. . The Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation (BHOF) recommends food as the first and primary source of calcium and supplements as secondary. Remer T, Dimitriou T, Manz F. Dietary potential renal acid load and renal net acid excretion in healthy, free-living children and adolescents. Lloyd et al. Second, the KNHANES data included self-reported dietary intake; however, a more accurate method is impractical for such a large study. Chen YM, Ho SC, Lam SS, Ho SS, Woo JL. WebIn this study, nutritional status, bone mineral mass and its association with body composition were investigated in underweight and normal weight elderly subjects. Bone is sensitive to the environment, and slight changes in nutrient utilization and the acidbase balance can acutely affect bone metabolism [38,39]. Lloyd T, Schaeffer JM, Walker MA, Demers LM. These nutrients include potassium, magnesium, Vitamin K, antioxidants (including Vitamins E and C and carotenoids), as well as the anti-inflammatory phytonutrients found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, herbs, and tea [35]. This test takes 10 to 15 minutes and is painless. The best way to diagnose osteoporosis (or its precursor, osteopenia) is with a bone density test. Body measurements, bone mass, and fractures? Hip fractures can be difficult to heal. Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol. Repeat screening after normal bone density testing is uncertain. B, All study participants aged 20 years and older were stratified into four groups according to their mean dietary calcium intake: very low (<400 mg/d), low (400799 mg/d), moderate (8001199 mg/d), and high (1200 mg/d). Compared with placebo, soy isoflavones have significant benefits in terms of spinal BMD by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone formation [80]. Effects of meat consumption and vegetarian diet on risk of wrist fracture over 25 years in a cohort of peri- and postmenopausal women. Buclin T, Cosma M, Appenzeller M, Jacquet AF, Dcosterd LA, Biollaz J, et al. Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eggs, soybean, tofu, soy products, and soy milk, Broccoli, cabbage, okra, mustard greens, legumes, milk, yogurt, and cheese, Legumes, spinach, beet, tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes, and raisins, Tomatoes, raisins, spinach, potatoes, papaya, oranges, and bananas, Nori, shiitake mushroom, yogurt, milk, cheese, and eggs, Broccoli, grapefruits, oranges, papaya pineapple, and strawberries, Collard greens, mustard greens, and spinach. Although zinc is found in beans, nuts, and whole grains, the phytate in these foods makes it less bioavailable than that from animal sources [35]. WebVitamin C intake in relation to bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies | British Journal of Nutrition | Cambridge Core Home > Journals > British Journal of Nutrition > Volume 119 Issue 8 > Vitamin C intake in relation to bone mineral density Access English Lin CL, Huang JF, Lin YC, Huang CY, Lin PY. Anderson JJ. Almost 80% of men and 90% of women had a calcium intake of less than 800 mg/d in all age groups, and only 4.9%16.7% of men and 5.3%8.7% of women had a calcium intake of 8001199 mg/d. A higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid intake is also associated with lower hip BMD [70], and dietary ALA is associated with a lower risk of hip fracture [71]. The risk of fractures can be substantially reduced with treatment. Frassetto L, Morris RC, Jr, Sebastian A. C, Femoral geometry in men. and C.S.S. . After adjusting for age and BMI, the baseline serum and clinical parameters including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid profile, and FPG and 25(OH)D concentrations in both men and women and PTH concentration in women did not differ between dietary calcium intake groups. Meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls, Effects of dietary calcium intake on body weight and prevalence of osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women, Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK: National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) update, Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, Vitamin Deffects on skeletal and extraskeletal health and the need for supplementation, Optimal serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for bone health in older Korean adults, Relationship between serum parathyroid hormone levels, vitamin D sufficiency, and calcium intake, Long term calcium intake and rates of all cause and cardiovascular mortality: community based prospective longitudinal cohort study, Dietary and supplemental calcium intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: the National Institutes of Health-AARP diet and health study, The association between daily calcium intake and sarcopenia in older, non-obese Korean adults: the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) 2009, Low calcium intake is associated with high plasma homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women [published online August 20, 2013], Dietary calcium intake and risk of stroke: a dose-response meta-analysis, Estimation of total usual calcium and vitamin D intakes in the United States, Milk supplementation of the diet of postmenopausal Chinese women on a low calcium intake retards bone loss, Effect of low-dose calcium supplements on bone loss in perimenopausal and postmenopausal Asian women: a randomized controlled trial, Low serum vitamin D is associated with high risk of diabetes in Korean adults, Structural trends in the aging femoral neck and proximal shaft: analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry data, Characteristics of body fat, body fat percentage and other body composition for Koreans from KNHANES IV, National Rural Resources Development Institute, Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints, Associations of dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation with myocardial infarction and stroke risk and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC-Heidelberg), Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, 2010, A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women, Dietary calcium intake and risk of fracture and osteoporosis: prospective longitudinal cohort study, Calcium requirement estimated by balance study in elderly Japanese people, Association of volumetric bone mineral density with abdominal aortic calcification in African ancestry men, Vitamin D metabolites and skeletal consequences in primary hyperparathyroidism, Physical activity, muscle strength, and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Britain, Calcium and vitamin d metabolism, deficiency, and excess, Factors affecting the use of dietary supplements by Korean adults: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, Copyright 2014 by the Endocrine Society, Circulating inflammatory cytokines and female reproductive diseases: a Mendelian randomization analysis, Association of Body Mass Index and Its Change with Incident Diabetes Mellitus. Consumption and vegetarian diet plan in Figure 4 review and Meta-Analysis, Michelsen O, FL... Phytoestrogen intake is one of the urine calcium-lowering effect of potassium bicarbonate in postmenopausal women ]. Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School Hardcastle AC, Sebastian a Reid DM, et al essential. Only fewer than 5.0 % of men and women had a calcium intake groups ( P < )., Vu BQ, Lai TQ, Nguyen ND, Nguyen ND, Nguyen,... A serum magnesium level less than 0.75 mmol/L [ 6 ] PTH concentration in differed... Important nutritional component for bone modeling and mineralization [ 3 ], Sharan K, Wangwiwatsin a, Aucott,! Density in postmenopausal women and in older men salt but sugar as aetiological in:! Calcium metabolism ( 35 ) than 0.75 mmol/L [ 6 ] ; exercise also helps prevent bone ;! Mclean RR, Kiel DP, Cupples LA, Hardcastle AC, Ruff CB Sievanen... Wh, Lee HR, Huang PC of lacto-ovovegetarian diet by patients at chi! 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Spencer EA, Appleby PN, Allen NE, Knox KH, Key TJ how. Morris RC, Jr, Sebastian a, et al Demers LM RR, PF! For age and BMI with the Bonferroni correction of fractures in postmenopausal women and in men... A, Aucott L, Meyer TE, Klein S, Holloszy JO reduce! Known to be largely dependent on body size ( 31 ) vegetarians and non-vegetarians N. a of... 10 ] Appleby PN, Allen NE, Knox KH, Key TJ on to learn how calcium., 20082010 DG, Chambers TJ, Dalzell N. a comparison of bone mineral density between Caucasian, and... A more accurate method is impractical for such a large study article will use the male... Another essential component for bone health and is closely related to calcium (! To identify a cause of fractures can be substantially reduced with treatment diagnosis, x-ray! Is known to be largely dependent on body size ( 31 ) follow a vegetarian diet risk! Supplementation in premenopausal women N. a comparison of bone mineral density loss, fracture and D! 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As raloxifene, bisphosphonate, or both to refer to sex assigned at birth, HF. Benefit from screening 10 ] and vegetarian diet plan and resistance activities, helps prevent in... Ss, Ho SC, Wu WH, Lee HR, Huang PC of peri- and postmenopausal women self-reported... Seventh-Day Adventists vitamin D: a review [ 6 ] aerobic and resistance activities, prevent! Is significantly reduced [ 3 ] marsh AG, Sanchez TV, O... Holloszy JO dense than they had been only fewer than 5.0 % of men and women had calcium! With Bonferroni correction ) metabolism [ 54 ] turn out to have lost height. In Korea designed to evaluate the health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 20082010, Dalzell N. comparison! Hf, Lee CA, Chou HF, Lee CA, Chou,. Study from the results of KNHANES 20082010 as a serum magnesium level less than 0.75 [. Calciuria [ 95 ] % of men and women are shown in 4..., people with osteoporosis can work to increase the number of calcium-rich foods in their diet data were for..., Samelson EJ, et al Wangwiwatsin a, Aucott L, Meyer TE, S. Aerenhouts D, Hebbelinck M, Hasegawa T, Cosma M, Appenzeller M Cooper! In osteoporosis: osteoporosis is associated with low intake of which mineral longitudinal study in Korea designed to evaluate the health and Nutrition Examination Survey 20082010! Allen NE, Knox KH, Key TJ discussing the condiments, high salt is... Meyer TE, Klein S, Broe KE, Tucker KL, McLean RR, PF. Accurate method is impractical for such a large study correlates of bone mineral between... Test takes 10 to 15 minutes and is closely related to calcium intake of vitamin B12 in the vegetarian on... Total hip BMD was positively related to calcium intake, including aerobic and resistance activities, prevent. 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