Yucca House National Monument, Colorado, Acadia National Park, Maine Golden Spike National Historical Park, Utah Writer and historian Wallace Stegner once referred to our national park system as the "best idea we ever had." The National Park Service (NPS) was created by Congress following President Woodrow Wilson's signing of the Organic Act in 1916, which was designed to preserve and protect parks for the "enjoyment of future generations." By the Buck Island Reef National Monument, Virgin Islands Olympic National Park, Washington Multiple parks may be managed together as an administrative unit within the National Park Service. El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail, Louisiana to Texas Fort Stanwix National Monument, New York The National Park System comprises 401 areas called . Muir Woods National Monument, California Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site, District of Columbia Kennedy-King National Commemorative Site, Indiana Between 1906 and 1933 successive Presidents proclaimed ten National Monuments on military reservations; The authority to proclaim National Monuments on military reservations is still valid, no others have been proclaimed. South Park National Heritage Area, Colorado Chamizal National Memorial, Texas In 1919 the National Monument became the nucleus of Grand Canyon National Park. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, District of Columbia Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park, Vermont Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument, Idaho Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, Virginia Blackwell School National Historic Site, Texas Ice Age National Scenic Trail, Wisconsin [8] Initially, all the heritage areas were in the east and northeast. The site includes prehistoric petroglyphs and hundreds of inscriptions from 17th century Spanish explorers and 19th century American emigrants and settlers. Nez Perce National Historical Park, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington Rock Creek Park was authorized on September 27, 1890, two days after Sequoia and three days before Yosemite. Susquehanna National Heritage Area, Pennsylvania Oil Region National Heritage Area, Pennsylvania More than 140 years ago, the United States created the world's first national park. Mount Rushmore National Memorial, South Dakota Hohokam Pima National Monument, Arizona In 1948 Congress authorized another major urban project, the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia, the most important historical area in the United States, embracing Independence Hall and Square, Congress Hall, Carpenters Hall, and many other sites and buildings associated with independence and the establishment of a government under the Constitution. Congress carried over some of the language of the Yellowstone Act into all three acts. Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, South Carolina Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, California Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area, New Jersey But the chapel where it is located, St. Paul's Chapel, is a National Historic Landmark. European Exploration & Settlement (12): III. Instead, historic but obsolete fortifications are declared surplus by the United States Department of Defense and transferred to the National Park Service, the States, or other political subdivisions following Congressional authorization.[5]. Iconic locations like Yosemite and Yellowstone attract visitors from all over the world, but our public lands are so much more than just the big 61 national parks. [2] An early ally in promoting a public reservation was the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. The National Park Service retained Catoctin Mountain Park, site of Camp David, but 4,500 of its acres were transferred to Maryland. In 1864, Sen. John Conness of California sponsored an act to transfer the valley and nearby Mariposa Big Tree Grove to the state so they might "be used and preserved for the benefit of mankind". Hubbell Trading Post National Historic Site, Arizona Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, Maryland Atchafalaya National Heritage Area, Louisiana Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas The majority of related areas are not units of the National Park Service and are managed by other government agencies or non-government organizations and landowners. Niagara Falls National Heritage Area, New York Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Arizona and Nevada The law stipulated that the new service was to "conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein andleave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations." Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona These were not fairly short county or metropolitan parkways serving a variety of local and national traffic but protected recreational roadways traversing hundreds of miles of scenic and historic rural landscape. Father Marquette National Memorial, Michigan Obed Wild and Scenic River, Tennessee Vietnam Veterans Memorial, District of Columbia California National Historic Trail, Missouri to Oregon Filmed over the course of more than six years at some of . By the end of this period, fifteen of the over 50 such areas remained under the administration of the National Park Service. Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico Kalaupapa National Historical Park, Hawaii Sat. Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts, Virginia. Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site, Colorado Biscayne National Park, Florida Additionally, L'Enfant envisaged a Congress Garden and a President's Park; embellished with statues, columns, or obelisks; grand fountains; an equestrian statue of Washington; a Naval Column; and a zero milestone. Fort Bowie National Historic Site, Arizona Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Nebraska Lava Beds National Monument, California The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorized the President to proclaim National Monuments not only on western public lands but on any lands owned or controlled by the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt at Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park, California, 1903. Horseshoe Bend National Military Park, Alabama Federal Hall National Memorial, New York The National Cemeteries in the National Park System are closely related to the National Military Parks. Construction of Grand Coulee Dam began in 1933 and the dam went into operation in 1941. Development of the English Colonies, 1700-1775 (2); IV. Washita Battlefield National Historic Site, Oklahoma Natchez Trace Parkway, Mississippi, Aniakchak National Preserve, Alaska Lincoln Memorial, District of Columbia Among other provisions it authorized the Public Works Administrator, Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes, to prepare a comprehensive program of public works. it made the National Park Service the sole Federal agency responsible for all Federally owned public parks, monuments, and memorials; it enlarged the National Park System idea to include at least four types of areas not clearly included in the System concept before 1933 , the reorganization substantially increased the number of areas in the System by adding 12 natural areas in 9 western states and, make a national survey of historic and archaeological sites, buildings, and objects to determine which have "exceptional value as commemorating or illustrating the history of the United States;". Mike Talplacido Created separately and with different purpose from the vast nature preserves of the West, America's battlefield parks took a long, often circuitous route to full integration into the National Park System. New York, Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas Between 1907 and 1933, six presidents proclaimed 21 National Monuments on National Forest lands administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: The first two National Monuments in the Department of Agriculture were Lassen Peak and Cinder Cone, created within Lassen Peak National Forest, California, on May 6, 1907, to preserve evidence of what was then the most recent volcanic activity in the United States south of Alaska. Congaree National Park, South Carolina Thomas Stone National Historic Site, Maryland Chicago Portage National Historic Site, Illinois Adams National Historical Park, Massachusetts Also, the fiscal functions of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission were assigned to the National Park Service in 1933 and the Memorial itself in 1938.[5]. El Morro, New Mexico, is a wayside in the rugged desert lands used by Indians settlers and travelers for centuries as a watering hole and a place to leave their marks. Lowell National Historical Park, Massachusetts Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Massachusetts When the National Park Service was created in 1916 - seven years after Roosevelt left office - there were 35 sites to be managed by the new organization. Lake Mead was the first National Recreation Area. Seventy-five Historical Areas were added to the National Park System between 1933 and 1964, including nine National Historic Sites and one International Park in non-federal ownership. The first lakeshores were Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan and the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore in Northwest Indiana. He doubled the number of sites within the National Park system. Provided by Touchpoints. Johnstown Flood National Memorial, Pennsylvania Recalling his legacy, Theodore Roosevelt is now commemorated at six units of the National Park System. For example, In 2018, the President used the authority of the Antiquties Act to create Camp Nelson National Monument. Rep. Frank A. Barrett of Wyoming and others introduced bills to abolish the monument and to repeal Section 2 of the Antiquities Act containing the President's authority to proclaim National Monuments. Flight 93 National Memorial, Pennsylvania Lower Delaware Wild and Scenic River, New Jersey to Pennsylvania Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho Shadow Mountain, adjoining the west entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park, embraces the recreational features of Lake Granby and Shadow Mountain Lake, two units of the Colorado-Big Thompson Project. Charley Wild River, Alaska Friendship Hill National Historic Site, Pennsylvania The U.S. Congress made Yellowstone America's first national park in 1872. The Inter-Agency Archaeological Salvage Program was organized by the National Park Service in 1946 at the request of the Committee for Recovery of Archaeological Remains to coordinate the salvage of irreplaceable pre-historic and historic Indian artifacts from projected reservoir sites in river valleys throughout the United States, before flooding. Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail, California Natchez Trace National Scenic Trail, Mississippi to Tennessee Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico Wright Brothers National Memorial, North Carolina, African Burial Ground National Monument, New York Bluestone National Scenic River, West Virginia Tumacacori National Historical Park, Arizona Big Bend National Park, Texas [5], The modern parkway, fruit of the automobile age, appears to have its origins in the Westchester County Parkways, New York, built between 1913 and 1930. In that period he also approved the deauthorization of the Oklahoma City National Memorial in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Amache National HIstoric Site, Colorado Constitution Gardens, District of Columbia Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska The act set aside 47million acres (190,000km2) to the National Park System and 54 acres (220,000m2) to the National Wildlife Refuge System. In 1926 he visited the area and discovered the cheap commercial development, on private lands, in the midst of superlative natural beauty. Slow progress was made worse by the Civil War. Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site, New York The Old Natchez Trace was once an Indian path, then a wilderness road, and finally from 1800 to 1830 a highway binding the old Southwest to the Union. Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado It is clear that during this period the growth rate for Natural Areas noticeably diminished from previous levels and by comparison with the rate for other categories, even though very important additions of natural lands were still being made. It was natural for the Service to be asked to assume national direction of Emergency Conservation Work in state parks when that program was launched in 1933. President Abraham Lincoln signed this act of Congress on June 30, 1864. Walnut Canyon National Monument, Arizona The President appointed three Federal Commissioners to design a district ten miles (16km) square on the Potomac River for the permanent seat of the Federal Government. Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor, Pennsylvania Champlain Valley National Heritage Partnership, New York and Vermont Petersburg National Battlefield, Virginia This program, which has been conducted for a quarter of a century in cooperation with the Smithsonian Institution and universities, museums, and research institutions throughout the country, has enormously deepened knowledge of American prehistory. Mississippi Gulf Coast National Heritage Area, Mississippi Great Egg Harbor National Scenic and Recreational River, New Jersey Eight more reservations of this type were authorized as additions to the National Park System between 1964 and 1972. While early emphasis had been on the creation of National Parks, there was another movement seeking to preserve the cliff dwellings, pueblo ruins, and early missions throughout the west and southwest. The act of 1867 also provided authority for preserving an important battlefield of the Indian wars when, on January 29, 1879, the Secretary of War designated "The National Cemetery of Custer's Battlefield Reservation."[5]. Natchez Trace National Scenic Trail, Alabama, Mississippi, andTennessee Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, Illinois, Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (Bureau of Land Managementunit co-managed with National Park Service), Charleston National Commemorative Site, Arkansas Harriet Tubman National Historical Park, New York Maurice Scenic and Recreational River, New Jersey Westward Expansion 1763-1898 (15); VII America At Work (9): VIII The Contemplative Society (0); IX Society and Social Conscience (5). 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