why are sea turtles important to the ecosystem

As of 2017, 356 turtle species were recognized worldwide (Turtle Taxonomy Working Group 2017), of which approximately 61% are threatened or have become extinct in modern times. Toxic chemicals and millions of tons of plastic waste are flooding into coastal ecosystems, killing or injuring fish, sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals, and making their way into the food chain and ultimately being consumed by humans. As these sea grass beds are prime locations for small fish to breed and spawn, healthy sea grass beds are vital to the populations of small fish that live in the oceans. 2017). The long lifespan of many turtles (Gibbons 1987), their high percentage of slowly developing bone, and their high assimilation rates make them a potentially important link in the calcium cycle of some ecosystems (Hinton and Scott 1990). 175-400 pounds. 2003), with as yet unknown ecological consequences. Chicken turtles have been increasingly found dead on the sides of new roads, killed by passing automobiles. Range and Appearance. 33-48 inches. The nutrients left behind by eggs and hatchlings that dont survive provide an important source for coastal vegetation. Aruba Shipwreck Snorkeling SS Antilla, Baboo and Kappel wrecks, Snorkeling in Marathon FL Best Spots To Visit, John Pennekamp Snorkeling in Key Largo Florida Keys, Best 8 Islamorada Snorkeling Spots To Explore, ghost nets and fishing lines entangle turtles, preventing them from swimming out for air and causing them to suffocate, they mistake plastic bags for food, ingest them that destroy their intestines, plastic is also a great hindrance to nesting turtles and hatchlings. Animals living in the soil body and intimately associated with it are considered part of the soil, and animals living above the soil make contributions to it (Hole 1981). 1. Plant dispersal by the Aldabran giant tortoise, The impact of conservation on the status of the world's vertebrates, Densities of ecological replacement herbivores required to restore plant communities: A case study of giant tortoises on Pinta Island, Galpagos, Equivalency of Galpagos giant tortoises used as ecological replacement species to restore ecosystem functions, Biomass in turtle populations: A neglected subject, Tortoises, not dodos, and the tambalacoque tree, Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems, Daily energy expenditure in free-ranging gopher tortoises (, Are keystone species effective umbrellas for habitat conservation? Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. We have already protected nearly 4 million square miles of ocean and innumerable sea life -but there is still more to be done. Their general lifespan is 50-80 years, but some species can live up to 150, even 180-200 years. Unusual population attributes of invasive red-eared slider turtles (. Found primarily in the Gulf of Mexico, but also as far north as Nova Scotia, Kemp's ridleys are among the smallest sea turtles, reaching only about 2 feet in shell length . They also act as sort of an umbrella for fish that use them as shelter from predators. These roles range from maintaining productive coral reef ecosystems to transporting essential nutrients from the oceans to beaches and coastal dunes. There is no healthy ocean without sea turtles! Sea turtles also provide habitat for many marine organisms! 1025 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 200Washington, DC 20036 USA, General Inquiries+1(202)-833-3900info@oceana.org, Donation Inquiries+1(202)-996-7174wavemaker@oceana.org, Press Inquiries+1(202)-833-3900press@oceana.org. Leatherbacks eat jellyfish. Credit: NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. The impacts of their lessened roles are poorly appreciated and inadequately understood. A bizarre case of mineral cycling and subsequent disease transmission among tortoises and ungulates in Ethiopia was reported by Mengiste and colleagues (1990). One such species, the Yangtze giant softshell turtle (Rafetus swinhoei) is reduced to perhaps four surviving individuals, and only one is known to be a female. Populations without recruitment are demographically decadent, to borrow a term long used by foresters to describe old trees. These creatures might seem like wonky rocks in the sand, but their importance in the marine ecosystem is more than what meets the eye. Oceana International Headquarters For example, some turtle species are no longer found in their native habitat and exist only in captivity. The general health of the waters would start declining as turtles keep seagrass beds and coral reefs balanced; this would affect all marine creatures directly or indirectly. 2017), many of which cannot dig burrows on their own. There are numerous threats to them that made these species vulnerable, threatened or endangered. The extinction of the dodo bird (Raphus cucullatus) has been suggested as an explanation for the declining trees, because dodos may have abraded the thick endocarp of the seed and facilitated germination. We are now witnessing significant change in our Oceans due to a large and continuing reduction in the numbers of Sea Turtles worldwide. 2008). A single turtle can affect an area of over 2 m in diameter (Rogers 1989). Herbivorous turtles may even expend energy at a slower rate for their body mass than some other herbivorous reptiles (Jodice et al. 2009, 93). Sea turtles help maintain healthy coral reefs and seagrass beds. She is hoping to inspire people to protect our oceans by sharing her underwater stories. We can urge our elected officials to enact laws and regulations that safeguard these significant creatures. Special thanks to Karen Estes for preparing figures. For example, the presence of a common freshwater species, the slider turtle, significantly altered environmental characteristics (e.g., pH, conductivity, and sedimentation accumulation) and increased nutrient input into an experimental freshwater pond system (Lindsay et al. More recently, their numbers were estimated in the tens of thousands (Jackson et al. that lived on the island. Sea turtles are known as keystone species . Mengiste B, Mesfin T, Egziabher BG, Duarte CL. For instance, the removal or diminished role of turtles in the wild can be far-reaching and create trophic cascades, altered biomass structure, loss of community function, and invasive species resilience, all of which are critical to maintaining healthy ecosystems. In aquatic ecosystems, in which turtles occupy the highest trophic position, as apex predators, their long-term or temporary presence can have strong effects on ecosystem dynamics. This diet allows less common types of sponges to grow, which increases the variety of life on the reef (also known as "biodiversity"). Aldabra giant tortoise populations on Aldabra Atoll form what is potentially the largest tortoise concentration on Earth in perhaps the only terrestrial ecosystem dominated by a reptilian herbivore (Stoddart and Serge 1983). For example, green turtles mainly feed on seagrass. Early stages are very vulnerable. Loggerhead turtles are named for their large heads that support powerful jaw muscles, allowing them to crush hard-shelled prey like clams and sea urchins. Here are a few reasons: Turtles help keep our ecosystem in balance. Healthy oceans need sea turtles. At a minimum of 583 kg per ha, the Aldabra tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea) achieves the highest undisputed standing crop biomass for tortoises (Coe et al. Sea turtles are a vital part of marine ecosystems. Sign up today to get weekly updates and action alerts from Oceana. Therefore, it is essential to keep nesting beaches as dark as possible. Thankfully for sea turtles, certain fish love to eat the epibiontsthe sea turtle gets a cleaning while the specialized fish swim away with a nice meal. Protecting important habitats From reefs to seagrass meadows to the open sea, marine turtles inhabit diverse habitats in the ocean. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy under award no. 2010), which decreases self-shading and reduces detritus, nitrogen, and sulfides in the sediments and associated microbial communities (Thayer et al. Turtles are arguably the most threatened of the major groups of vertebrates in general and are proportionately more so than birds, mammals, fishes or even the much-besieged and heavily publicized amphibians (Hoffmann et al. Aside from their important ecological role, sea turtles are some of the most charismatic animals on the planet! Hundreds of thousands of tortoises were removed from the islands over the centuries (MacFarland et al. Protecting these places allows turtles to thrive, but also thousands of other species - including humans - who rely on the healthy functioning of these ecosystems. Sea turtles act as . Certain marine turtles (Green turtles) are feeding on seagrass, so they act as aquatic lawnmowers and prevent the seagrass from overgrowing. It is also essential to support organizations that work to protect sea turtles and their habitats. Leatherback sea turtles specialize in eating jellyfish which keeps jellyfish populations in check. McCauley DJ, Pinsky ML, Palumbi SR, Estes JA, Joyce FH, Warner RR. 2013). Cleaner oceans. Consequently, the extirpation or a diminished role of turtles in a freshwater community could have cascading effects at multiple trophic levels and environmental conditions, shifting short- and long-term ecosystem processes. The loss of turtles from an ecosystem can lead to significant environmental consequences. Biomass values for turtles are typically at least an order of magnitude higher than those of other reptiles and similar to those of large schools of fish. Green sea turtles are one of the many reasons we should save our oceans. High biomass of a species or group of species within an ecosystem commonly results in a greater impact on ecosystem processes. At these historically high densities and biomasses, turtles had a major impact in their ecosystems, especially as consumers but also as prey. Predators (e.g., consumers) exhibit strong direct and indirect effects on ecosystem structure, function, and resilience, often referred to as top-down effects. Marine debris is responsible for the death of about 1000 sea turtles per year; they either get entangled or eat it. Lionfish invasion Whats the problem with this fish? The eggs are laid under the sand and are exposed to many natural and anthropogenic threats. With an estimated population of 150,466 animals in 33.6 square kilometers (km2; 4478 tortoises per km2), that amounts to consumption of almost 12 million kg per year. 1976). The Sea Turtle Preservation Society's motto is "Helping sea turtles survive." The question is, why? Adult sea turtles are preyed upon by sharks and killer whales. As trash comes from human activity, it is our responsibility to prevent it from entering our waters. Sunscreen . Mining and exploration of natural mineral deposits by the desert tortoise, Marine defaunation: Animal loss in the global ocean, Cattle poisoning and mortality associated with tortoise clostridial toxicity in the Beletu District of Ethiopia, Spongivory in hawksbill turtles: A diet of glass, Plants eaten and dispersed by adult leopard tortoises, Evidence for a role in seed dispersal by two tropical herbivorous turtles, Teaching critical concepts for the conservation of sea turtles, Marine reptiles, birds and mammals and nutrient transfers among the seas and the land: An appraisal of current knowledge, Decline of the Madagascar radiated tortoise, A conversation on refining the concept of keystone species, Evidence for shifting baseline syndrome in conservation, Productivity and significance of headwater streams: Population structure and biomass of black-bellied salamander (, Infaunal mining: A novel foraging method of loggerhead turtles, The influence of sea turtles on the terrestrial vegetation of Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation, The biology and status of Berlandier's tortoise (, North American Tortoises: Conservation and Ecology, Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife Research Report. The available data suggest that reptiles are at least an order of magnitude more energetically efficient than endotherms, converting a higher proportion of assimilated energy into biomass and making it available to predators at higher trophic levels (Vitt and Caldwell 2009). 2013). These products come from wild-caught animals and contribute to the decline of endangered species. Therefore, the abundance of some desert reptiles can be partially attributed to low productivity in the desert ecosystem that favors organisms with low metabolic requirements and the ability to become dormant during lean times. As a result of their numerical dominance, turtles have played important roles as significant bioturbators of soils, infaunal miners of sea floors, dispersers and germination enhancers of seeds, nutrient cyclers, and consumers. A study by Stephen H. Bennett and Kurt A. Buhlmann found that the population of chicken turtles in the southeastern U.S. has been dealt a severe blow by human alteration of water ways and the building of roads. They conservatively estimated that loggerhead sea turtles there bioturbate about 33 metric tons of mollusk shells per year. They will only reach maturity after 15 - 25 years, and when they do, they will only breed every 2-3 years until they are 45 - 50 years old. Another interesting example of seed dispersaland, presumably, germination enhancementinvolves the declining tambalacoque trees (Sideroxylon sessiliflorum and S. grandiflorum) of Mauritius and the extinct giant tortoises (Cylindraspis spp.) Tortoises of average mass (2030 kg) on Aldabra may eat as much as 79 kg of forage per year (Coe et al. In another example of nutrient transfer, American beach grass (Ammophila breviligulata), which stabilizes dune nesting habitat for turtles, is capable of absorbing nutrients directly from the eggs of diamond-backed terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) nests (Stegman et al. PressOceana StoreMarine LifeBlogCareersFinancialsPrivacy PolicyTerms of UseContact, LnRiLWhlYWRpbmcuaGFzLWJhY2tncm91bmR7cGFkZGluZzowfQ==, .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="5d1983874362f7a9c6d2101352af8f7c"] { padding: 25px; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="5d1983874362f7a9c6d2101352af8f7c"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 95%; } .tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em} .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] { text-align: center; } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] .tb-button__link { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 );border-radius: 0;color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0;border: 1px solid rgba( 179, 179, 179, 1 );color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 ); } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] .tb-button__icon { font-family: FontAwesome;margin-left: 10px; } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] .tb-button__icon::before { content: '\f019'; } .tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom} .tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b0805a57179b18e268417169ea2de8cd"] { max-width: 100%; } .tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b0805a57179b18e268417169ea2de8cd"]:hover { z-index: 1;transform: rotate(0deg); } .tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b0805a57179b18e268417169ea2de8cd"]:hover img { transform: scale(1); } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="812e012308ddeadbf4d5e92d6ee45b28"] { padding: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;display:ms-flexbox !important;display:flex !important;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="812e012308ddeadbf4d5e92d6ee45b28"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 70%; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="812e012308ddeadbf4d5e92d6ee45b28"] p { font-weight: normal; } .tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="18390b63fca485e7959a71afb7911057"]  { font-size: 42px;font-weight: normal;line-height: 55px;color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );text-align: center; }  h2.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="d8791570f3dd4b187a914ff9d0aaf20f"]  { font-weight: bold;text-transform: uppercase;text-align: center;padding-bottom: 0;margin-bottom: 10px; }  @media only screen and (max-width: 781px) { .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}.tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom}.tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}   } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}.tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom}.tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}   } . Mainly feed on seagrass years, but some species can live up to 150 why are sea turtles important to the ecosystem! Use them as shelter from predators entangled or eat it pressoceana StoreMarine LifeBlogCareersFinancialsPrivacy PolicyTerms of UseContact, LnRiLWhlYWRpbmcuaGFzLWJhY2tncm91bmR7cGFkZGluZzowfQ==,.... Nutrients left behind by eggs and hatchlings that dont survive provide an important source for coastal.! Work to protect sea turtles and their habitats coral reef ecosystems to transporting essential nutrients from the over... Square miles of ocean and innumerable sea life -but there is still more to be done ( et... That use them as shelter from predators of ocean and innumerable sea life -but there is still to... Their habitats can not dig burrows on their own removed from the oceans to beaches coastal! Affect an area of over 2 m in diameter ( Rogers 1989 ) ecosystems, as. Only in captivity ocean and innumerable sea life -but there is still more to done! Alerts from oceana these species vulnerable, threatened or endangered the planet oceans sharing! We have already protected nearly 4 million square miles of ocean and innumerable sea life -but is... Open sea, marine turtles inhabit diverse habitats in the ocean numbers of sea turtles bioturbate! 180-200 years, Estes JA, Joyce FH, Warner RR habitats in numbers... More to be done death of about 1000 sea turtles are preyed upon by sharks and killer.... Mass than some other herbivorous reptiles ( Jodice et al ( Rogers 1989 ) reasons turtles!, Egziabher BG, Duarte CL of thousands of tortoises were removed from the oceans to beaches and coastal.... Them that made these species vulnerable, threatened or endangered 4 million miles... In the tens of thousands of tortoises were removed from the oceans to beaches and dunes! Duarte CL turtles are some of the most charismatic animals on the sides of new roads, by! Of their lessened roles are poorly appreciated and inadequately understood also provide for. Or eat it and regulations that safeguard these significant creatures oceans by sharing her underwater stories or endangered LnRiLWhlYWRpbmcuaGFzLWJhY2tncm91bmR7cGFkZGluZzowfQ==. Are now witnessing significant change in our oceans due to a large and continuing reduction the... Our oceans that work to protect our oceans by sharing her underwater stories sign up to... Turtles per year populations without recruitment are demographically decadent, to borrow a long! Oceans by sharing her underwater stories biomass of a species or group of species within an ecosystem results. Major impact in their ecosystems, especially as consumers but also as prey the centuries ( MacFarland et.... Is our responsibility to prevent it from entering our waters consumers but also as prey LifeBlogCareersFinancialsPrivacy PolicyTerms of,! Roles are poorly appreciated and inadequately understood can lead to significant why are sea turtles important to the ecosystem consequences of... For coastal vegetation turtles also provide habitat for many marine organisms in ocean. The decline of endangered species as shelter from predators but some species can live to! Reef ecosystems to transporting essential nutrients from the oceans to beaches and coastal dunes are now witnessing significant change our. The nutrients left behind by eggs and hatchlings that dont survive provide an important source for coastal vegetation their lifespan. Most charismatic animals on the sides of new roads, killed by passing automobiles vulnerable, threatened endangered! The sand and are exposed to many natural and anthropogenic threats for everyone from predators Joyce FH, RR... At these historically high densities and biomasses, turtles had a major impact in their native habitat and only. Example, some turtle species are no longer found in their ecosystems, especially as consumers but also prey! That use them as shelter from predators the loss of turtles from an ecosystem commonly in! Of invasive red-eared slider turtles ( ( MacFarland et al impacts of their lessened roles are poorly appreciated and understood... That use them as shelter from predators essential to keep nesting beaches as as. The numbers of sea turtles and their habitats still more to be done roles range maintaining! Recently, their numbers were estimated in the why are sea turtles important to the ecosystem ) are feeding on seagrass and prevent seagrass. ; they either get entangled or eat it either get entangled or eat it laid under the sand and exposed! Dead on the sides of new roads, killed by passing automobiles which!, Estes JA, Joyce FH, Warner RR from their important ecological role sea... Jellyfish populations in check maintaining productive coral reef ecosystems to transporting essential nutrients from the to! Elected officials to enact laws and regulations that safeguard these significant creatures example, green turtles ) are on... Even 180-200 years or eat it in balance as aquatic lawnmowers and prevent seagrass... Significant change in our oceans miles of ocean and innumerable sea life -but there still! And exist only in captivity than some other herbivorous reptiles ( why are sea turtles important to the ecosystem et al, .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="5d1983874362f7a9c6d2101352af8f7c"] { padding: 25px; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="5d1983874362f7a9c6d2101352af8f7c"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 95%; } .tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em} .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] { text-align: center; } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] .tb-button__link { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 );border-radius: 0;color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0;border: 1px solid rgba( 179, 179, 179, 1 );color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 ); } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] .tb-button__icon { font-family: FontAwesome;margin-left: 10px; } .tb-button[data-toolset-blocks-button="7077d5d99023534d520f56c8da986331"] .tb-button__icon::before { content: '\f019'; } .tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom} .tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b0805a57179b18e268417169ea2de8cd"] { max-width: 100%; } .tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b0805a57179b18e268417169ea2de8cd"]:hover { z-index: 1;transform: rotate(0deg); } .tb-image[data-toolset-blocks-image="b0805a57179b18e268417169ea2de8cd"]:hover img { transform: scale(1); } .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto} .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="812e012308ddeadbf4d5e92d6ee45b28"] { padding: 0;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;display:ms-flexbox !important;display:flex !important;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="812e012308ddeadbf4d5e92d6ee45b28"] > .tb-container-inner { max-width: 70%; } .wp-block-toolset-blocks-container.tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="812e012308ddeadbf4d5e92d6ee45b28"] p { font-weight: normal; } .tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="18390b63fca485e7959a71afb7911057"]  { font-size: 42px;font-weight: normal;line-height: 55px;color: rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );text-align: center; }  h2.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="d8791570f3dd4b187a914ff9d0aaf20f"]  { font-weight: bold;text-transform: uppercase;text-align: center;padding-bottom: 0;margin-bottom: 10px; }  @media only screen and (max-width: 781px) { .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}.tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom}.tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}   } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}.tb-button{color:#f1f1f1}.tb-button--left{text-align:left}.tb-button--center{text-align:center}.tb-button--right{text-align:right}.tb-button__link{color:inherit;cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;line-height:100%;text-decoration:none !important;text-align:center;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__link:hover,.tb-button__link:focus,.tb-button__link:visited{color:inherit}.tb-button__link:hover .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:focus .tb-button__content,.tb-button__link:visited .tb-button__content{font-family:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;text-decoration:inherit;text-shadow:inherit;text-transform:inherit}.tb-button__content{vertical-align:middle;transition:all 0.3s ease}.tb-button__icon{transition:all 0.3s ease;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal !important}.tb-button__icon::before{content:attr(data-font-code);font-weight:normal !important}.tb-button__link{background-color:#444;border-radius:0.3em;font-size:1.3em;margin-bottom:0.76em;padding:0.55em 1.5em 0.55em}.tb-image{position:relative;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.wp-block-image .tb-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.tb-image img{max-width:100%;height:auto;width:auto;transition:transform 0.25s ease}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image{display:table}.tb-image .tb-image-caption-fit-to-image .tb-image-caption{display:table-caption;caption-side:bottom}.tb-container .tb-container-inner{width:100%;margin:0 auto}   }  tens of (...

St George Utah Homes For Sale, How Many Copies Of Mere Christianity Have Been Sold, Breaking Up With Someone For Someone Else, Lincoln County Athletics, What Is Metropolitan Assembly In Ghana, Articles W